2025年印巴衝突

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本文記述一起進行中的武裝衝突。隨着事態變化,內容或許會迅速更新。 |
2025年印巴衝突,是2025年帕哈爾加姆襲擊發生後,印度和巴基斯坦從2025年5月6日至10日期間爆發的衝突。
背景
[編輯]克什米爾衝突自1947年以來持續不斷,引發了印度和巴基斯坦之間因爭議地區的多場戰爭和衝突。 [20] 2025年4月22日,武裝份子在印控克什米爾地區帕哈爾加姆附近發動恐怖攻擊,造成28名平民死亡,其中大部分是印度教遊客。 [21][22]巴基斯坦支持的激進組織虔誠軍的分支「克什米爾抵抗陣線」宣稱對襲擊事件負責[23][24][25],但之後又否認對此負責,稱之前是遭到了黑客攻擊。[26] 襲擊之後,印度和巴基斯坦宣布了一系列針對對方的行動,並發生了軍事衝突。[27][28]
印度襲擊
[編輯]2025年5月6日,印度對巴基斯坦實施了代號為辛杜爾行動 (印地語:ऑपरेशन सिन्दूर,羅馬化:Ôparēśan Sindūr, 英語:Operation Sindoor) 的飛彈攻擊,印度方面表示目標是巴基斯坦和巴控克什米爾地區穆罕默德軍的恐怖主義基礎設施[29]。攻擊造成至少31名巴基斯坦平民死亡,另造成約38人受傷[30]。印度還對包括巴控克什米爾地區和巴基斯坦旁遮普省在內的六個地點發動24次襲擊。[31]
5月8日,巴基斯坦方面表示擊落25架來自印度的無人機,而印度的無人機襲擊造成巴方至少1名平民死亡、5人受傷[32]。
5月9日,巴基斯坦官員指控印度炮擊巴控克什米爾地區導致五名平民死亡。[33]同時巴基斯坦攔截6架印度無人機。[34]
5月10日,努爾·汗空軍基地被印度導彈襲擊。此次攻擊直接導致美國介入並促成停火[35][36]同時巴基斯坦方面表示過去兩天擊落77架印度無人機。[37]
巴基斯坦襲擊
[編輯]2025年5月7日,巴基斯坦對印控克什米爾地區發動導彈襲擊,摧毀了印巴控制線印度一側的哨所。[38]巴基斯坦方面表示,巴基斯坦空軍擊落了六架印度戰機,分別為3架「陣風」戰鬥機、1架米格-29戰鬥機、1架蘇-30戰鬥機[39]以及一架無人機。[40]有印度士兵被俘虜。[41]巴方表示這些均被其用中國制的殲10戰機和雷達預警系統擊落。[42]印度方面表示在帕姆波雷擊落了一架入侵的巴基斯坦無人機[40],而且在巴方的炮火下有15名印度平民身亡。[43]
當地時間10日,巴基斯坦正式啟動代號為「銅牆鐵壁」(Bunyanun Marsoos)的軍事行動,作為對印度的回應。[44]同日,巴基斯坦軍方還表示其行動導致印度70%的電網癱瘓,印方則稱巴方所發射的導彈被印度軍方攔截。[45] 同時巴基斯坦空軍還宣稱出動JF-17梟龍戰鬥機在印度旁遮普邦阿丹普爾地區使用高超音速導彈摧毀印度部署的S-400防空系統,但也遭到印方的否認。[46]印度承認一名印度政府高級官員在印控克什米爾地區遭到巴基斯坦炮擊身亡。[47]
宣佈停火
[編輯]協議
[編輯]2025年5月10日,印度外交秘書唐勇勝(Vikram Misri)和巴基斯坦外長伊沙克·達爾(Ishaq Dar) [48][49]表示,雙方軍方同意全面停火,敵對行動將於IST下午 5:00/4:30 PKT(格林尼治標準時間 11:30)結束。[50][51]
達爾表示,有36個國家協助促成停戰。[52]一位印度官員告訴法新社,「印巴之間停止開火和軍事行動兩國直接協商的結果」。[53]美國國務卿馬可·魯比奧宣稱,兩國將「在一個中立場所」討論「一組廣泛的問題」,自己和副總統JD·萬斯與雙方的高級官員進行了廣泛的通信。[54]數小時後,在發生違反停火事件後,印度官員仍未表示願意進行談判。[55]2025年5月10日,在印度和巴基斯坦外長正式宣佈之前,美國總統特朗普於IST/PKT中午時分左右在社交媒體Truth Social上發表了關於停火的文章。隨後印巴雙方均證實已同意停火。[56]巴基斯坦總理謝里夫 (Sharif) 表示,特朗普與沙烏地阿拉伯、土耳其、卡塔爾、英國、聯合國和中國的代表一起,在促成停戰中扮演了「最重要的關鍵角色」。[57]
協議簽訂後,巴基斯坦重新對商業航班開放空域。[58][59]兩國之間的軍事熱線通訊系統已啟動。[60]
違反停火協議
[編輯]在停火協議生效不久,位於印控克什米爾地區的查謨和斯利那加發生爆炸。巴基斯坦防空系統則在白沙瓦機場附近擊落一架印度無人機[61]。巴基斯坦和印度均互相指責對方違反停火協議。[62]
反應
[編輯]印度襲擊巴基斯坦後,巴基斯坦主要城市進入緊急狀態。巴基斯坦全國所有學校和教育機構在5月7日停課。巴基斯坦關閉全國空域48小時,全國範圍內所有航班取消。[63]
國際組織
[編輯]國際反應
[編輯]土耳其:土耳其總統雷傑普·塔伊普·埃爾多安7日向巴基斯坦總理夏巴茲·謝里夫打去電話,對巴基斯坦公民失去寶貴生命表示誠摯的慰問,並重申土耳其對巴基斯坦人民的聲援。他表示土耳其支持局勢降級,並準備發揮巴基斯坦的堅定朋友的作用。[66]
中華人民共和國:中華人民共和國外交部發言人林劍表示,中方對印度的軍事行動表示遺憾,對目前事態的發展感到擔憂,並呼籲印巴雙方以和平穩定大局為重,保持冷靜克制,避免採取使局勢進一步複雜化的行動。[67][68][69][70]
俄羅斯:俄羅斯外交部呼籲印度和巴基斯坦保持克制,並希望印度和巴基斯坦「通過和平的政治和外交手段」解決爭端。[73]
卡達:外交部敦促印巴雙方保持克制。[74]
阿聯酋:外交部長阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德·阿勒納哈揚呼籲雙方保持克制,避免情勢升級。[75][需要非第一手來源]
英國:外交大臣大衛·拉米呼籲雙方 「保持克制,進行直接對話,尋求迅速的外交途徑」。[76]
烏克蘭: 外交部呼籲雙方進行外交接觸,避免局勢升級[77]。
孟加拉:外交部在官方聲明中表示,正在密切關注局勢發展。此外,外交部也敦促兩國保持克制和冷靜。[78]
德國:外交部在網路上發表聲明,敦促「必須防止事態升級,保護平民」。
日本:外相岩屋毅發表聲明,稱該國「深切關注最近發生的一系列事件可能導致進一步的報復,並升級為全面軍事衝突」。
新加坡:外交部在一份聲明中表示:「對於4月22日查謨和克什米爾帕哈甘發生的駭人恐襲事件後,印度與巴基斯坦之間持續的軍事對峙,新加坡深表關切。」[79]
梵蒂岡:教宗良十四世表示希望「很快能夠達成一項持久的協議。」[80]
中華民國:外交部表示將與全球夥伴密切合作,堅決反對恐怖主義,對於印度保衛國家安全表達堅定支持,外交部亦表示密切關注印巴情勢發展,共同維護印太區域的和平穩定。[81]
參見
[編輯]參考資料
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- ^ 印巴持续互攻 死亡人数增至50. 聯合早報. 2025-05-09 [2025-05-10]. (原始內容存檔於2025-05-09) (中文).
- ^ Russia urges India and Pakistan to exercise restraint. RT. 2025-05-07 [2025-05-07]. (原始內容存檔於2025-05-07) (英語).
- ^ Qatar expresses concern, urges diplomacy amid India-Pakistan tensions. The Peninsula. 2025-05-07 [2025-05-07].
- ^ Abdullah bin Zayed Calls for Restraint Between India and Pakistan and Avoiding Military Escalation. Government of UAE. [2025-05-06].
- ^ UK urges India and Pakistan to show restraint. Reuters. 2025-05-07 [2025-05-07].
- ^ Comment of the MFA of Ukraine on the Escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan. 烏克蘭外交部. 7 May 2025 [7 May 2025] (英語).
- ^ Bangladesh urges calm as tensions rise between India and Pakistan. Dhaka Tribune. [2025-05-07] (英語).
- ^ Singapore 'gravely concerned' about India-Pakistan 'military confrontation'; calls for de-escalation. CNA. [2025-05-12] (英語).
- ^ AP. Pope Leo XIV calls for peace in Ukraine, Gaza ceasefire; welcomes India-Pakistan ceasefire announcement. The Hindu. 2025-05-11 [2025-05-12]. ISSN 0971-751X (印度英語).
- ^ 外交部堅決反對恐怖主義並對印巴情勢升級表達高度關切. 中華民國外交部. 2025-05-10.
外部連結
[編輯]- 《飞机被打》恶搞视频火到引国际争议 爆红的豪哥哥是谁?. 聯合早報. 2025-05-16.