2025年印巴冲突

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本文记述一起进行中的武装冲突。随着事态变化,内容或许会迅速更新。 |
2025年印巴冲突,是2025年帕哈尔加姆袭击发生后,印度和巴基斯坦从2025年5月6日至10日期间爆发的冲突。
背景
[编辑]克什米尔冲突自1947年以来持续不断,引发了印度和巴基斯坦之间因争议地区的多场战争和冲突。 [20] 2025年4月22日,武装份子在印控克什米尔地区帕哈尔加姆附近发动恐怖攻击,造成28名平民死亡,其中大部分是印度教游客。 [21][22]巴基斯坦支持的激进组织虔诚军的分支“克什米尔抵抗阵线”宣称对袭击事件负责[23][24][25],但之后又否认对此负责,称之前是遭到了黑客攻击。[26] 袭击之后,印度和巴基斯坦宣布了一系列针对对方的行动,并发生了军事冲突。[27][28]
印度袭击
[编辑]2025年5月6日,印度对巴基斯坦实施了代号为辛杜尔行动 (印地语:ऑपरेशन सिन्दूर,罗马化:Ôparēśan Sindūr, 英语:Operation Sindoor) 的导弹攻击,印度方面表示目标是巴基斯坦和巴控克什米尔地区穆罕默德军的恐怖主义基础设施[29]。攻击造成至少31名巴基斯坦平民死亡,另造成约38人受伤[30]。印度还对包括巴控克什米尔地区和巴基斯坦旁遮普省在内的六个地点发动24次袭击。[31]
5月8日,巴基斯坦方面表示击落25架来自印度的无人机,而印度的无人机袭击造成巴方至少1名平民死亡、5人受伤[32]。
5月9日,巴基斯坦官员指控印度炮击巴控克什米尔地区导致五名平民死亡。[33]同时巴基斯坦拦截6架印度无人机。[34]
5月10日,努尔·汗空军基地被印度导弹袭击。此次攻击直接导致美国介入并促成停火[35][36]同时巴基斯坦方面表示过去两天击落77架印度无人机。[37]
巴基斯坦袭击
[编辑]2025年5月7日,巴基斯坦对印控克什米尔地区发动导弹袭击,摧毁了印巴控制线印度一侧的哨所。[38]巴基斯坦方面表示,巴基斯坦空军击落了六架印度战机,分别为3架“阵风”战斗机、1架米格-29战斗机、1架苏-30战斗机[39]以及一架无人机。[40]有印度士兵被俘虏。[41]巴方表示这些均被其用中国制的歼10战机和雷达预警系统击落。[42]印度方面表示在帕姆波雷击落了一架入侵的巴基斯坦无人机[40],而且在巴方的炮火下有15名印度平民身亡。[43]
当地时间10日,巴基斯坦正式启动代号为“铜墙铁壁”(Bunyanun Marsoos)的军事行动,作为对印度的回应。[44]同日,巴基斯坦军方还表示其行动导致印度70%的电网瘫痪,印方则称巴方所发射的导弹被印度军方拦截。[45] 同时巴基斯坦空军还宣称出动JF-17枭龙战斗机在印度旁遮普邦阿丹普尔地区使用高超音速导弹摧毁印度部署的S-400防空系统,但也遭到印方的否认。[46]印度承认一名印度政府高级官员在印控克什米尔地区遭到巴基斯坦炮击身亡。[47]
宣布停火
[编辑]协议
[编辑]2025年5月10日,印度外交秘书唐勇胜(Vikram Misri)和巴基斯坦外长伊沙克·达尔(Ishaq Dar) [48][49]表示,双方军方同意全面停火,敌对行动将于IST下午 5:00/4:30 PKT(格林尼治标准时间 11:30)结束。[50][51]
达尔表示,有36个国家协助促成停战。[52]一位印度官员告诉法新社,“印巴之间停止开火和军事行动两国直接协商的结果”。[53]美国国务卿马可·鲁比奥宣称,两国将“在一个中立场所”讨论“一组广泛的问题”,自己和副总统JD·万斯与双方的高级官员进行了广泛的通信。[54]数小时后,在发生违反停火事件后,印度官员仍未表示愿意进行谈判。[55]2025年5月10日,在印度和巴基斯坦外长正式宣布之前,美国总统特朗普于IST/PKT中午时分左右在社交媒体Truth Social上发表了关于停火的文章。随后印巴双方均证实已同意停火。[56]巴基斯坦总理谢里夫 (Sharif) 表示,特朗普与沙特阿拉伯、土耳其、卡塔尔、英国、联合国和中国的代表一起,在促成停战中扮演了“最重要的关键角色”。[57]
协议签订后,巴基斯坦重新对商业航班开放空域。[58][59]两国之间的军事热线通讯系统已启动。[60]
违反停火协议
[编辑]在停火协议生效不久,位于印控克什米尔地区的查谟和斯利那加发生爆炸。巴基斯坦防空系统则在白沙瓦机场附近击落一架印度无人机[61]。巴基斯坦和印度均互相指责对方违反停火协议。[62]
反应
[编辑]印度袭击巴基斯坦后,巴基斯坦主要城市进入紧急状态。巴基斯坦全国所有学校和教育机构在5月7日停课。巴基斯坦关闭全国空域48小时,全国范围内所有航班取消。[63]
国际组织
[编辑]国际反应
[编辑]土耳其:土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安7日向巴基斯坦总理夏巴兹·谢里夫打去电话,对巴基斯坦公民失去宝贵生命表示诚挚的慰问,并重申土耳其对巴基斯坦人民的声援。他表示土耳其支持局势降级,并准备发挥巴基斯坦的坚定朋友的作用。[66]
中华人民共和国:中华人民共和国外交部发言人林剑表示,中方对印度的军事行动表示遗憾,对目前事态的发展感到担忧,并呼吁印巴双方以和平稳定大局为重,保持冷静克制,避免采取使局势进一步复杂化的行动。[67][68][69][70]
俄罗斯:俄罗斯外交部呼吁印度和巴基斯坦保持克制,并希望印度和巴基斯坦“通过和平的政治和外交手段”解决争端。[73]
卡塔尔:外交部敦促印巴双方保持克制。[74]
阿联酋:外交部长阿卜杜拉·本·扎耶德·阿勒纳哈扬呼吁双方保持克制,避免情势升级。[75][需要非第一手来源]
英国:外交大臣大卫·拉米呼吁双方 “保持克制,进行直接对话,寻求迅速的外交途径”。[76]
乌克兰: 外交部呼吁双方进行外交接触,避免局势升级[77]。
孟加拉:外交部在官方声明中表示,正在密切关注局势发展。此外,外交部也敦促两国保持克制和冷静。[78]
德国:外交部在网络上发表声明,敦促“必须防止事态升级,保护平民”。
日本:外相岩屋毅发表声明,称该国“深切关注最近发生的一系列事件可能导致进一步的报复,并升级为全面军事冲突”。
新加坡:外交部在一份声明中表示:“对于4月22日查谟和克什米尔帕哈甘发生的骇人恐袭事件后,印度与巴基斯坦之间持续的军事对峙,新加坡深表关切。”[79]
梵蒂冈:教宗良十四世表示希望“很快能够达成一项持久的协议。”[80]
中华民国:外交部表示将与全球伙伴密切合作,坚决反对恐怖主义,对于印度保卫国家安全表达坚定支持,外交部亦表示密切关注印巴情势发展,共同维护印太区域的和平稳定。[81]
参见
[编辑]参考资料
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- ^ Singapore 'gravely concerned' about India-Pakistan 'military confrontation'; calls for de-escalation. CNA. [2025-05-12] (英语).
- ^ AP. Pope Leo XIV calls for peace in Ukraine, Gaza ceasefire; welcomes India-Pakistan ceasefire announcement. The Hindu. 2025-05-11 [2025-05-12]. ISSN 0971-751X (印度英语).
- ^ 外交部堅決反對恐怖主義並對印巴情勢升級表達高度關切. 中华民国外交部. 2025-05-10.
外部链接
[编辑]- 《飞机被打》恶搞视频火到引国际争议 爆红的豪哥哥是谁?. 联合早报. 2025-05-16.