特朗普—马斯克争执
特朗普—马斯克争执 | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() | |||
日期 | 约2025年6月—至今 | ||
原因 | 马斯克对《大而美法案》的批评 | ||
媒介 | 社群媒体交流(主要在Twitter/X和真实社交上) | ||
状况 | 进行中 | ||
各方 | |||
自2025年6月以来,企业家兼美国前总统顾问伊隆·马斯克与美国总统唐纳德·特朗普之间展开一场争执,主要在Twitter/X与真实社交两大社交平台上互相攻讦。事件导火线是马斯克退出特朗普政府后,对《大而美法案》提出批评;该法案原被视为特朗普的重要立法成果之一[1]。
背景
[编辑]马斯克与特朗普
[编辑]马斯克在特朗普于2016年首次当选总统前曾公开批评对方[2],而双方之间的龃龉一直持续至2022年。不过,《独立报》形容,两人于2024年迅速建立起一段“急促而火热的兄弟情”,当时外界普遍视他们为全球最具权势的两名人物之一[3]。到了2025年2月,马斯克更公开表示,他爱特朗普,因为对方是个“直来直去的人”[4]。
马斯克与第二次特朗普政府
[编辑]在2024年美国总统选举中,马斯克向特朗普的竞选活动捐出超过2亿5000万美元[5]。他其后在第二次特朗普政府中领导新设立的政府效率部,致力彻底改革联邦政府的官僚架构[6]。马斯克以特别政府雇员身份担任职务,任期仅限130日[7]。
2025年威斯康辛州最高法院选举期间,马斯克透过多个政治行动委员会投入至少2300万美元,积极参与竞选活动。他的参与对共和党候选人布拉德·施梅尔构成政治包袱[8]。在2025年5月举行的卡塔尔经济论坛上,马斯克表明将削减政治资金支出[9]。他早于4月已向特斯拉公司投资者透露,会重新聚焦公司业务[10]。到5月,马斯克正式离开特朗普政府,并参加一场欢送会[11]。记者离开白宫椭圆形办公室后,特朗普立即质问马斯克一名盟友贾里德·艾萨克曼曾向民主党捐款。艾萨克曼原为特朗普提名出任美国国家航空航天局署长的人选。数小时后,特朗普便通知艾萨克曼,其提名已被撤回[12]。
马斯克的批评
[编辑]由特朗普及共和党起草的《大而美法案》在众议院获通过后,马斯克批评该法案将使美国联邦赤字增加1.5万亿美元。他起初避免针对特朗普个人发言[11]。马斯克在6月接受《CBS新闻星期日早晨》访问时表示,这项法案将推翻他于政府效率部任内所推动的改革成果[13]。
争执
[编辑]2025年6月5日,特朗普在白宫椭圆形办公室会见德国总理弗里德里希·默茨。会面期间,特朗普表示自己与马斯克“关系良好”[14],但对马斯克批评《大而美法案》感到“失望”[15],并称若非马斯克的介入,他原本可于2024年总统选举中胜出宾夕凡尼亚州。特朗普指出,马斯克之所以反对该法案,并非因为忧虑其导致的国债上升,而是因为不满电动车补贴遭到削减[16]。他又表示,马斯克怀念身处白宫的日子,并把他比作一众离任后对其态度转变、转而批评他的前幕僚[17]。
针对特朗普声称马斯克“比房间内任何人都更熟悉这项法案”的说法,马斯克随即在社交平台Twitter/X上发文反驳,指自己根本没有机会阅读该法案[18]。马斯克即时作出多项回应[18],批评特朗普“忘恩负义”,又称若非他过去积极参与政治,特朗普早在选举中落败[11]。他更翻出特朗普以往抨击国债上升的旧帖文,又在一则贴文中戏谑地暗示特朗普已被“替身”取代[19]。马斯克否认特朗普的说法,即他是在争取恢复电动车补贴失败后,才开始公开批评该法案[20]。马斯克甚至暗示特朗普牵涉美国政府所掌握的“爱泼斯坦名单”,该名单涉及已定罪性罪犯杰弗里·爱泼斯坦的相关人物资料[21]。
据《纽约时报》报导指,马斯克取消追踪特朗普政府政策副幕僚长兼国土安全顾问史蒂芬·米勒,以及保守派意见领袖查理·科克的Twitter/X账号。两人早前曾在科克主持的节目中,高调赞扬《大而美法案》[22]。数小时后,特朗普在真实社交发文指,马斯克在“电动车强制令”据称被取消后变得“疯狂”[23],更扬言考虑中止与马斯克旗下公司的所有政府合约[24]。当晚,马斯克则高调呼吁美国国会弹劾特朗普[25]。
同一晚,《政客》引述消息指,马斯克与特朗普原计划进行通话以修补裂痕。在对冲基金经理比尔·阿克曼公开呼吁两人“为我们伟大的国家化解争端”后,马斯克回应称自己“并无错误”[26]。不过翌日白宫澄清,并无安排任何通话[27]。白宫随后又表示,特朗普正出售一辆由马斯克赠送的红色特斯拉Model S电动车[28]。特朗普接受《ABC新闻》访问时表示,马斯克“精神失常”,并明言无意与他沟通[29],又在接受CNN访问时重申,短期内不会与马斯克对话[30]。据彭博新闻报导指,白宫幕僚释出讯号,指总统希望翻过这一页,不打算取消与马斯克有关的政府合约[31]。《纽约时报》其后再披露,特朗普私下认为马斯克之所以“情绪失控”,是受到其传闻中的吸毒行为影响[32]。
影响
[编辑]政治
[编辑]马斯克曾于社交平台建议成立新政党,声称要为“八成中间派”的美国人发声[33]。《纽约时报》指出,这场与特朗普的公开斗争对“科技右翼”阵营造成冲击。该阵营由一批保守派科技企业家组成,部分人士更在特朗普政府任职[34]。同时,马斯克原定向与特朗普关系密切的政治组织捐款1亿美元的计划也面临风险[35]。马斯克构思的政党名称为“美国党”[36]。
他亦曾于Twitter/X表示,将会针对不支持他的国会议员,影响他们的选情[37]。尽管两人隔空交火不断,《大而美法案》本身似乎未受太大冲击[38]。
经济
[编辑]特斯拉股价重挫15%,创下自2019冠状病毒病美国疫情以来最差单日表现[39]。特斯拉看跌期权成交量突破400万份,创历来最高纪录[40]。根据S3 Partners数据,做空者总共获利约40亿美元,使特斯拉成为全美第二大被做空股票(以总值计)[41]。此股价跌势亦拖累整体非必需消费类股,录得自4月以来最差表现[42]。特朗普媒体与科技集团股价在马斯克暗指特朗普与爱泼斯坦有关后亦应声下跌8%[43],而与特朗普相关的加密货币特朗普币也下跌12%[44]。这场争端令马斯克身家蒸发340亿美元[45]。
《华尔街日报》引述业界消息指,部分广告商对马斯克政治影响力下滑抱有期待,认为这有望减轻他对不愿在Twitter/X平台投放广告企业采取法律行动的压力[46]。此风波亦影响到马斯克旗下人工智能公司xAI的一宗价值50亿美元的债券发售计划[47]。
政府
[编辑]特朗普前高级顾问史蒂夫·班农呼吁特朗普终止与马斯克旗下企业的所有政府合约,并要求政府彻查马斯克的移民身份、疑似毒品使用,以及他试图参与一场有关两岸冲突的机密简报[48]。班农更建议透过行政命令接管SpaceX,马斯克则回击称其为“共产白痴”[49]。民主党籍国会议员斯蒂芬·林奇与罗伯特·加西亚则去信美国司法部长帕姆·邦迪及联邦调查局长卡什·帕特尔,要求调查马斯克声称特朗普出现在联邦政府所掌握的爱泼斯坦名单中的指控[50]。
马斯克其后在Twitter/X发文,表示SpaceX正逐步退役对国际太空站营运至关重要的龙飞船[25],不过几小时后便撤回言论[51]。
反应
[编辑]国内
[编辑]这场马斯克与特朗普的政治斗争在美国社交媒体上引发热烈讨论。不少用户将之比喻为《辣妹过招》情节重现,或音乐圈的德雷克和肯德里克·拉马尔斗法翻版。直播主哈桑·皮克更表示,马斯克应该“亲身上播客节目”,借此惹怒特朗普[52]。
马斯克与特朗普分道扬镳的消息,反而获得部分“MAGA派”支持者的喝采[53]。根据YouGov调查,多数共和党人明确支持特朗普,而大多数民主党人则保持中立[54]。
在国会层面,参议院民主党领袖查克·舒默以泰勒·斯威夫特的歌曲〈坏到底〉形容这场政治争执,该曲被认为描述了她与凯蒂·佩芮的恩怨,暗指其如流行乐坛的私仇般戏剧化。众议院民主党领袖哈基姆·杰弗里斯斯则称此为“共和党内战”。民主党官方Twitter/X账号甚至喊出“推翻法案,公开爱泼斯坦档案!”的口号[55]。右翼评论员史蒂夫·班农则在《战情室》节目中警告,马斯克或将被民主党“策反”[56],而民主党籍众议员罗·康纳则主张党内应积极争取马斯克站队[57]。
国际
[编辑]俄罗斯网民对此事件也不乏关注,有人将之比作瓦格纳集团和俄罗斯国防部之间的冲突。前俄罗斯总统、安全会议副主席德米特里·梅德韦杰夫更以调侃口吻表示,自己乐意出面担任马斯克与特朗普之间的“和平斡旋人”[58]。
在班农指控马斯克非法居留美国后[59],俄罗斯政府甚至向马斯克发出政治庇护邀请[60]。
至于特朗普与德国总理弗里德里希·默茨的会晤,因他将焦点集中于马斯克,而非激进抨击其他国家领袖,让多名德国评论员松一口气。这些评论指出,特朗普与乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基和南非总统西里尔·拉马福萨的会晤气氛曾极度尖锐[61]。
参见
[编辑]参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Karl, Jonathan. Trump tells ABC Musk 'lost his mind,' as CEO's dad says 'make sure this fizzles out'. ABC News. ABC. [2025-06-06] (英语).
- ^ Ferris, Robert. Donald Trump's character reflects poorly on United States, Elon Musk says. CNBC. 2016-11-04 [2025-02-06] (英语).
- ^ Bedigan, Mike. A timeline of Donald Trump and Elon Musk's tumultuous relationship. The Independent. 2024-12-31 [2025-02-07]. (原始内容存档于January 17, 2025) (英语).
- ^ Dowd, Maureen. Opinion | Musk's Lost Boys and Trump's Mean Girls. The New York Times. 2025-02-08 [2025-02-08]. ISSN 0362-4331. (原始内容存档于2025-02-08) (美国英语).
- ^ Schleifer & Haberman 2025.
- ^ Swan et al. 2025.
- ^ Caputo 2025.
- ^ McCormick 2025.
- ^ Korte & Allison 2025.
- ^ Korte, Dlouhy & Hull 2025.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Schleifer 2025a.
- ^ Pager et al. 2025.
- ^ Simonetti 2025.
- ^ Swan 2025a.
- ^ Pager 2025a.
- ^ Swan 2025b.
- ^ Pager 2025b.
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Pager 2025c.
- ^ Mac 2025.
- ^ Conger 2025a.
- ^ Barrett 2025.
- ^ Isaac 2025b.
- ^ Pager 2025d.
- ^ Pager 2025e.
- ^ 25.0 25.1 Basu 2025.
- ^ Burns 2025.
- ^ Pager 2025h.
- ^ Pager 2025i.
- ^ Karl 2025.
- ^ Trump tells CNN he's 'not even thinking about Elon' and won't speak to him 'for a while'. CNN. 2025-06-06 (英语).
- ^ Wingrove & Gardner 2025.
- ^ Swan 2025c.
- ^ Conger 2025b.
- ^ Isaac 2025a.
- ^ Schleifer 2025b.
- ^ The America Party: Musk pushes for new US party after X poll shows 80% support. India Today. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07] (英语).
- ^ Conger 2025d.
- ^ Wasson 2025.
- ^ Kaye 2025.
- ^ Hur 2025a.
- ^ Pitcher 2025a.
- ^ Hur 2025b.
- ^ Rennison 2025.
- ^ Pitcher 2025b.
- ^ Gardner et al. 2025.
- ^ Vranica 2025.
- ^ Saeedy 2025.
- ^ Pager 2025g.
- ^ Vipers 2025.
- ^ Solender 2025.
- ^ "SpaceX will not decommission Dragon, Musk says". Reuters.
- ^ Kavi 2025.
- ^ Allison & Voght 2025.
- ^ Rubin 2025.
- ^ Barba 2025.
- ^ Severns 2025.
- ^ Patterson 2025.
- ^ Vasilyeva 2025.
- ^ Pager, Tyler. Steve Bannon Says He Told Trump to Investigate Elon Musk's Immigration Status. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 (英语).
- ^ King, Jordan; Croucher, Shane. Russia offers political asylum to Elon Musk over Trump feud. Newsweek. 2025-06-06 (英语).
- ^ Brady, Wiener & Booth 2025.
参考来源
[编辑]- Allison, Natalie; Voght, Kara. The MAGA faithful celebrate the end of the Trump-Musk bromance. The Washington Post. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Barba, Robert. Democratic Leaders Relish Trump-Musk Beef. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Barrett, Devlin. The Epstein Files Obsession, Explained. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Basu, Zachary. Musk calls for Trump's impeachment. Axios. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Brady, Kate; Wiener, Aaron; Booth, William. To Berlin's relief, Musk — not Merz — got slammed during White House visit. The Washington Post. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Burns, Dasha. Trump, White House aides signal a possible détente with Musk. Politico. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Caputo, Marc. Four reasons Musk attacked Trump's "big beautiful bill". Axios. 2025-06-03 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Conger, Kate. After Trump claimed Musk was upset that tax credits for electric vehicles were stripped from the bill, Musk shared a video snippet of Trump speaking during a March promotional event for Tesla at the White House.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Conger, Kate. Elon Musk launched a poll on X that asked his followers if there should be a "new political party" that represents "the 80 percent in the middle.". The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Conger, Kate. As lawmakers weigh how to react to the feud between President Trump and Elon Musk, the billionaire issued a warning on X suggesting he could cause problems in their future political careers.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Gardner, Akayla; Wingrove, Josh; Sullivan, Kate; Wallbank, Derek. Musk Blinks First in Trump Feud That Cost Him $34 Billion. Bloomberg News. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Hur, Krystal. Tesla Investors Take Cover. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Hur, Krystal. Consumer Discretionary Stocks Post Worst Day Since April. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Isaac, Mike. The fracturing relationship between Musk and Trump is tricky for Silicon Valley.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Isaac, Mike. Musk appeared to have unfollowed two prominent right-wing figures on X, according to an account that tracks the behavior of high-profile tech executives.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Karl, Jonathan. Trump tells ABC Musk 'lost his mind'; 'not particularly' interested in talking to him. ABC News. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Kavi, Aishvarya. Trump and Musk Fight, and the Internet Pulls Out the Popcorn. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Kaye, Danielle. Tesla Shares Slide as Musk Feuds With Trump. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Korte, Gregory; Allison, Bill. Musk Says He'll Scale Back Political Spending in Blow to GOP. Bloomberg News. 2025-05-20 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Korte, Gregory; Dlouhy, Jennifer; Hull, Dana. Musk Departs US Government With His Business Empire in Flux. Bloomberg News. 2025-05-28 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Mac, Ryan. On X, Elon Musk continued his war of words against Trump by digging up old posts from the president criticizing past federal budgets.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- McCormick, John. Wisconsin Was Beginning of End for the Trump-Musk Relationship. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Trump, after avoiding any criticism of Elon Musk, admits he is disappointed in him amid Musk's repeated criticism of his tax legislation.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Trump said Musk missed the Oval Office and compared him to other former aides who became hostile after they departed his administration.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Elon Musk responded in real time to Trump on X.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. President Trump is now responding to Elon Musk on Truth Social.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Trump Threatens Musk Contracts as Feud Escalates. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Steve Bannon Says He Told Trump to Investigate Musk as an 'Illegal Alien'. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Trump does not have plans to call Musk today after their public feud, two administration officials said.. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler. Trump plans to sell the red Tesla he got in a show of support for Elon Musk, a White House official said.. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Pager, Tyler; Haberman, Maggie; Swan, Jonathan; Schleifer, Theodore. Buildup to a Meltdown: How the Trump-Musk Alliance Collapsed. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Patterson, Scott. Democratic Rep. Ro Khanna Says Party Should Court Musk. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pitcher, Jack. Tesla Short Sellers Just Minted Billions. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Pitcher, Jack. Trump Coin, Trump Media Shares Fall Amid Musk Feud. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- SpaceX will not decommission Dragon, Musk says. Reuters. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Rennison, Joe. DJT, the stock ticker for president Trump's Media and Technology company, also fell on Thursday, dropping 8 percent.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Rubin, April. Most Republicans side with Trump over Musk: Poll. Axios. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Saeedy, Alexander. $5 Billion xAI Debt Sale Could Be Derailed By Musk-Trump Spat. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Schleifer, Theodore; Haberman, Maggie. Elon Musk Backed Trump With Over $250 Million, Fueling the Unusual 'RBG PAC'. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Schleifer, Theodore. Elon Musk trained his fire directly at President Trump after several days of mostly criticizing Republicans in Congress.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Schleifer, Theodore. Elon Musk still holds a bit of leverage over President Trump.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Severns, Maggie. Steve Bannon: Musk Could Easily Be 'Flipped' by Democrats. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Simonetti, Isabella. Tensions Brewed Between Musk and Trump in Media Blitz Ahead of Public Clash. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Solender, Andrew. Democrats probe whether Trump is in the Epstein files. Axios. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Swan, Jonathan; Schleifer, Theodore; Haberman, Maggie; Mac, Ryan; Conger, Kate; Nehamas, Nicholas; Ngo, Madeleine. How Elon Musk Executed His Takeover of the Federal Bureaucracy. The New York Times. 2025-02-28 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Swan, Jonathan. Trump was asked about Elon Musk during his meeting with Germany's new chancellor and talked about their relationship in the past tense.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Swan, Jonathan. While meeting with Germany's new chancellor, Friedrich Merz, President Trump suggests that Elon Musk opposed his domestic policy bill for self-interested reasons rather than Musk's stated reason that the bill blows out the deficit and cancels out the savings Musk achieved through his cuts.. The New York Times. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Swan, Jonathan. President Trump, who was briefed on The New York Times story about Elon Musk's drug use, has been telling associates over the last 24 hours that Musk's "crazy" behavior is linked to his drug use, according to two people with knowledge of Trump's private conversations.. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Vasilyeva, Nataliya. Russians closely watch the feud between two men they see as allies.. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Vipers, Gareth. Musk Refers to Bannon Using Ableist Slur. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Vranica, Suzanne. Trump-Musk Fallout Fuels Hopes Washington Will Lose Interest in Advertisers Who Ditched X. The Wall Street Journal. 2025-06-05 [2025-06-05] (英语).
- Wasson, Erik. Republicans Push Musk Aside as Trump Tax Bill Barrels Forward. Bloomberg News. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).
- Wingrove, Josh; Gardner, Akayla. Trump Aides Signal He's Moving on From Musk Feud But May Get Rid of His Tesla. Bloomberg News. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-06] (英语).