科姆斯托克物理奖
| 科姆斯托克物理奖 Comstock Prize in Physics | |
|---|---|
| 赞助方 | 美国国家科学院 |
| 日期 | 1913年 |
| 国家／地区 | 美国  |
科姆斯托克物理奖（Comstock Prize in Physics）由美国国家科学院颁发，旨在表彰“广义上对电、磁或辐射能的近期创新发现或研究”[1]。
科姆斯托克物理奖获奖者必须是北美居民。该奖项以赛勒斯·B·康斯托克（Cyrus B. Comstock）命名，自1913年起每五年颁发一次。
历届得主
[编辑]| 年度 | 得主 | 评论 |
|---|---|---|
| 1913 | 罗伯特·密立根 | |
| 1918 | 萨缪尔·杰克逊·巴奈特（Samuel Jackson Barnett） | |
| 1923 | 威廉·杜安 | For his work on "relations of fundamental significance...in their bearings upon modern theories of the structure of matter and on the mechanism of radiation." |
| 1928 | 克林顿·戴维孙 | In recognition of his experimental work demonstrating that under certain conditions, electrons behave as we would expect trains of waves to behave. |
| 1933 | 珀西·布里奇曼 | For his investigations leading to increased understanding of the electrical constitution of matter. |
| 1938 | 欧内斯特·劳伦斯 | |
| 1943 | 唐纳德·克斯特（Donald W. Kerst） | For his pioneer work in connection with the development of the betatron and the results which he obtained with this new and powerful scientific tool. |
| 1948 | 梅尔·安东尼·杜武（Merle A.Tuve） | For his pioneering work on the upper atmosphere and his development of the electrical pulse method of study; for his pioneering work in nuclear physics utilizing the electrostatic generator; and for his development of the proximity fuse. |
| 1953 | 威廉·肖克利 | For his pioneering investigations and exposition of electric and magnetic properties of solid materials; in particular for his researches in the conduction of electricity by electrons and holes in semiconductors. |
| 1958 | 查尔斯·汤斯 | |
| 1963 | 吴健雄 | |
| 1968 | 利昂·库珀、约翰·施里弗 | |
| 1973 | 罗伯特·H·迪克 | |
| 1978 | 小雷蒙德·戴维斯 | |
| 1983 | 特奥多尔·亨施、Peter P. Sorokin | |
| 1988 | 朱经武、吴茂昆 | For discovery of superconductivity in yttrium barium copper oxide and similar compounds above the boiling point of nitrogen -- a major scientific and technological breakthrough. |
| 1993 | 查尔斯·彭斯·斯利克特（Charles P. Slichter） | For his seminal contributions to the development and application of magnetic resonance in condensed matter, including the first experimental proof of pairing correlations in superconductors and fundamental studies in surface science and catalysis. |
| 1993 | 欧文·哈恩（Erwin Hahn） | For his revolutionary discoveries in magnetic resonance and coherent optics, in particular for the Hahn Spin Echo, the Hartman-Hahn Cross-polarization, and self-induced transparency. |
| 1999 | 约翰·克拉克（John Clarke） | For his major contributions to the development of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDS) and their use for scientific measurements, especially involving electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic waves. |
| 2004 | 约翰·巴考尔 | For his many contributions to astrophysics, especially his definitive work on solar models and his crucial role in identifying and resolving the solar neutrino problem. |
| 2009 | 查尔斯·L·本内特 | For his mapping of the cosmic microwave background and determining the universe's age, mass-energy content, geometry, expansion rate, and reionization epoch with unprecedented precision. |
| 2014 | 金秀兰 | For demonstrating quantum degeneracy and the formation of a molecular Bose‐Einstein condensate in ultra‐cold fermionic atomic gases, and for pioneering work in polar molecular quantum chemistry. |
| 2019 | 米哈尔·利普森（Michal Lipson） | For her pioneering contributions to silicon photonics based on high confinement optical structures including the demonstration of electro-optic modulation in silicon, parametric oscillation, and extreme confinement of light in waveguides. |
| 2024 | Michel Devoret and Robert Schoelkopf | For the experimental development of 'Circuit QED,' realizing non-linear quantum optics in electrical circuits at the single-photon level and enabling new insights into, and control of, macroscopic quantum systems, quantum measurements, quantum information processing and quantum error correction. |
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Comstock Prize in Physics. NAS. [10 March 2017].