DNA测序仪

DNA sequencer
	DNA sequencers
生产厂家	罗氏、因美纳、Life Technologies、贝克曼库尔特、PacBio、华大基因、牛津纳米孔

DNA测序仪（英语：DNA sequencer）是指能自动运行DNA测序程序的科学仪器。给与一个特定的DNA样本，DNA测序仪可将其上的A、G、C、T顺序读取出来。第一台DNA测序仪由Applied Biosystems公司（ABI）的劳埃德·M·史密斯在1987年开发出来^[1]，使用的是桑格测序法。桑格测序法也称为“一代测序法”^[2]，这一时期研发的测序仪也被称为“一代测序仪”^[3]，这些一代测序仪为人类基因组计划在2001年完成做出了贡献^[4]。

随着大规模平行测序（英语：Massive parallel sequencing）（也称为“第二代测序”，NGS）技术的发展，出现了许多基于不同技术原理的“二代测序仪”，如454生物科学的焦磷酸测序仪，因美纳的边合成边测序仪，SOLiD的边连接边测序仪等^[5]。

再后来，一些基于长读长测序（也称为“第三代测序”）方法的测序仪也被开发出来，如基于奈米孔洞测序、单分子实时测序的测序仪^[6]。

参考文献

^ Cook-Deegan, Robert Mullan. Origins of the Human Genome Project. FASEB Journal (University of Washington). 1991, 5 (1): 8–11 [20 October 2014]. PMID 1991595. S2CID 37792736. doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.1.1991595 .
^ Metzker, M. L. Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing. Genome Res. 2005, 15 (12): 1767–1776. PMID 16339375. doi:10.1101/gr.3770505 .
^ Hutchison, C. A. III. DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007, 35 (18): 6227–6237. PMC 2094077 . PMID 17855400. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm688.
^ F. S. Collins; M. Morgan; A. Patrinos. The Human Genome Project: lessons from large-scale biology. Science. 2003, 300 (5617): 286–290. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..286C. PMID 12690187. S2CID 22423746. doi:10.1126/science.1084564.
^ Michael A. Quail; Iwanka Kozarewa; Frances Smith; Aylwyn Scally; Philip J. Stephens; Richard Durbin; Harold Swerdlow; Daniel J. Turner. A large genome centre's improvements to the Illumina sequencing system. Nat Methods. 2008, 5 (12): 1005–1010. PMC 2610436 . PMID 19034268. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1270.
^ Li, Heng; Ruan, Jue; Durbin, Richard. Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores. Genome Research. 2008-11-01, 18 (11): 1851–1858. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2577856 . PMID 18714091. doi:10.1101/gr.078212.108 （英语）.

[1] Cook-Deegan, Robert Mullan. Origins of the Human Genome Project. FASEB Journal (University of Washington). 1991, 5 (1): 8–11 [20 October 2014]. PMID 1991595. S2CID 37792736. doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.1.1991595 .

[Metzker-2] Metzker, M. L. Emerging technologies in DNA sequencing. Genome Res. 2005, 15 (12): 1767–1776. PMID 16339375. doi:10.1101/gr.3770505 .

[Hutchison,_C._A._III._2007_6227–6237-3] Hutchison, C. A. III. DNA sequencing: bench to bedside and beyond. Nucleic Acids Res. 2007, 35 (18): 6227–6237. PMC 2094077 . PMID 17855400. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm688.

[F._S._Collins,_M._Morgan,_and_A._Patrinos_2003_286–290-4] F. S. Collins; M. Morgan; A. Patrinos. The Human Genome Project: lessons from large-scale biology. Science. 2003, 300 (5617): 286–290. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..286C. PMID 12690187. S2CID 22423746. doi:10.1126/science.1084564.

[large_genome_centre-5] Michael A. Quail; Iwanka Kozarewa; Frances Smith; Aylwyn Scally; Philip J. Stephens; Richard Durbin; Harold Swerdlow; Daniel J. Turner. A large genome centre's improvements to the Illumina sequencing system. Nat Methods. 2008, 5 (12): 1005–1010. PMC 2610436 . PMID 19034268. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1270.

[6] Li, Heng; Ruan, Jue; Durbin, Richard. Mapping short DNA sequencing reads and calling variants using mapping quality scores. Genome Research. 2008-11-01, 18 (11): 1851–1858. ISSN 1088-9051. PMC 2577856 . PMID 18714091. doi:10.1101/gr.078212.108 （英语）.

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