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维基百科,自由的百科全书
2025年6月洛杉矶抗议
2025年美国大规模遣返抗议英语2025 United States protests against mass deportation美墨边境危机废除移民和海关执法局运动英语Abolish ICE反唐纳德·特朗普抗议的一部分
加州国民警卫队与抗议者
日期2025年6月6日 – 进行中
(1周)
地点
起因
目标结束由美国移民和海关执法局执行的大规模遣返
方法政治游行、暴动、公民不服从内乱纵火抢劫财产破坏车辆冲撞攻击交通阻塞、设置路障网络行动主义
状况进行中
冲突方
地方抗议者
支持者:
领导人物
无统一领导

加利福尼亚州政府、洛杉矶市政府[a]
      • 加州州长加文·纽森
      • 洛杉矶市市长凯伦·巴斯
      • 洛杉矶警察局局长:吉姆·麦克唐纳
      • 洛杉矶县警长署警长:罗伯特·卢纳
人数
至少1000名抗议者(6月9日)[10]
至少4100名加州国民兵
700名陆战队等兵力[11]
伤亡
至少3人受伤[12]
411人被逮捕[13][14]
至少6人受伤[15][12][16]
至少5只马匹受伤[15]
至少有7名记者被执法人员受伤[17][18][19][20][21][22]

2025年6月洛杉矶抗议是自2025年6月6日起,加州洛杉矶郡爆发反对移民突袭的抗议行动。起因是美国移民和海关执法局在洛杉矶多个地点展开拘捕行动,逮捕无证移民英语Illegal immigration to the United States,引发民众不满并走上街头[23][24][25]。抗议在6月6日升级为街头暴动,示威者与洛杉矶警察局及移民局人员发生激烈冲突。大多数抗议活动以和平方式进行,发生在洛杉矶市中心大约五个街区的范围内[b]

翌日(6月7日),抗议延烧至派拉蒙康普顿,与联邦部队的对抗更加激烈。在情势恶化下,时任总统唐纳德·特朗普依据美国法典第10编 § 第12406节决定直接向加州国民兵下命令,并调派300名兵力进驻洛杉矶维持秩序[33][34],这是自1965年以来国民警卫队首次在未经州长请求的情况下被动员[35]。多个团体和独立抗议者组织并参加了抗议活动。五角大楼于6月9日调动700名海军陆战队员进驻该市[36]。包括加州州长加文·纽森在内的批评人士认为,军方的反应为时过早、具有煽动性,且是为了政治利益与专制[37][31][38]。此次抗议中,有超过400名示威者被捕,另有多名执法人员和抗议者受伤。

洛杉矶的反ICE抗议活动激发了纽约、芝加哥和达拉斯等美国其他城市的反ICE抗议活动英语2025 United States protests against mass deportation

背景

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2024年11月,在共和党人唐纳德·特朗普击败民主党人贺锦丽赢得总统大选之后,洛杉矶市议会英语Los Angeles City Council宣布该市为庇护城市[39][40]。川普的移民政策引起了加州移民社群的关切[41]。川普政府官员警告说,庇护城市将成为移民打击行动的目标[42]2024年总统竞选期间,特朗普还表示,他将在未经州长同意的情况下使用军队结束抗议活动,而他的助理在他的第一任期内曾劝阻他不要这样做[43]

2025年5月,川普政府开始推行一项以工作场所为重点的遣返行动策略。[44]

抗议过程

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6月6日

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6月6日上午9点15分(太平洋夏令时间),洛杉矶时尚区英语Los Angeles Fashion District发生一起移民突袭;另外两次突袭分别发生在一家服装批发商和一家家得宝门店[45][46]。有超过100人在上述三处地点被捕。多名联邦特工使用闪光弹回应抗议活动[47]。抗议者与特工在大都会拘留中心英语Metropolitan Detention Center, Los Angeles爆发冲突[48]。参与突袭的特工佩戴有联邦调查局、国土安全调查局和烟酒火器及爆炸物管理局的徽章[46]。国土安全调查局表示,有44人因涉嫌违反移民法而被捕[49],另有一人因妨碍公务被捕[50]美国加利福尼亚中区联邦地区法院临时首席法官比尔·埃塞利英语Bill Essayli表示,服务业雇员国际工会英语Service Employees International Union加州主席戴维·韦尔塔因阻挡车辆而被捕,并被控犯有共谋妨碍公务的重罪[51][46]。韦尔塔因受伤被送往医院,随后被转移到大都会拘留中心[52]。洛杉矶人道移民权利联盟主任安吉丽卡·萨拉斯表示,在七次突袭行动中共拘留45人[39]

抗议活动在逮捕行动后开始[24][25]。抗议者与身着防暴装备的ICE特工在韦斯特莱克英语Westlake, Los Angeles家得宝附近发生冲突[53]。ICE还在一家服装店逮捕了数人,并与活动人士发生冲突[24]。截至晚上7点,约有200名抗议者仍留在警察局,随后洛杉矶警察局宣布抗议活动为非法集会,下令抗议者解散[5]。在“一些抗议者向警察投掷碎混凝土块”后,洛杉矶警察局与抗议者发生激烈对峙,警方使用催泪瓦斯胡椒喷雾闪光弹驱散人群[24][54]。在接下来的一个小时里,警察局授权使用非致命性弹药[5][24]。晚上8点24分,全市发布战术警报[52]

6月7日

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反对突袭的抗议活动一直持续到周六[55]。据加州派拉蒙市市长佩吉·莱蒙斯称,抗议者看到国土安全部官员在当地分支机构附近集结,随后在家得宝附近发生了冲突[56]。国土安全部估计,有1,000人在该大楼前抗议[57]洛杉矶人道移民权利联盟英语Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles主任安吉丽卡·萨拉斯表示,洛杉矶共进行了七次突袭,45人被拘留[39]。至少有两人受伤[56]。据《纽约时报》报道,抗议活动延误了对被拘留者的处理[55]。加州州长加文·纽森宣布,将部署加州公路巡逻队保护洛杉矶的高速公路[58]。据国土安全部称,截至6月7日,洛杉矶已逮捕118名无证移民[59]

在派拉蒙市,抗议者用购物车和回收箱封锁街道。联邦特工随后发射了闪光弹胡椒球弹,造成两人受伤[60]。据报道,世界社会主义网站记者在记录抗议活动时受伤,其中一名记者被美国移民官员用橡皮子弹从背部击中[17]。据洛杉矶人道移民权利联盟的一名律师称,一些抗议者扔砖头,其他人也有受伤迹象[60]。下午2时30分,洛杉矶警察局使用扬声器发布驱散令。洛杉矶县警局英语Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department警员随后对抗议者使用催泪瓦斯驱散。一名抗议者投掷的石块击中ICE车辆的挡风玻璃,导致一名ICE特工受伤.[12]。晚上8点左右,两人因涉嫌袭警被捕,其中一人据称投掷燃烧瓶,导致三名警员受轻伤[12]。英国摄影记者尼克·斯特恩英语Nick Stern在报道派拉蒙一家家得宝附近的抗议活动时,被警方发射的非致命子弹击中,随后接受手术。据报道,家得宝经常被用来雇佣流动工人进行日工[18]

抗议者还聚集在洛杉矶市中心的大都会拘留中心,执法人员组成散兵线驱散抗议者[61][62]。晚上11点前不久,抗议者在洛杉矶市中心的一个十字路口向一辆正要离开该地区的警车投掷并击中物体[63]。同日晚,抗议活动蔓延到康普顿,几名示威者投掷装满据称闻起来像汽油的物质的玻璃瓶[64][65]

在接受福克斯新闻采访时,白宫执法和驱逐行动执行副主任汤姆·霍曼宣布,国民警卫队将于当晚进驻洛杉矶[66]。当晚,唐纳德·特朗普总统签署备忘录,派遣2,000名加州国民警卫队成员参与抗议活动[65]。特朗普援引美国法典第10编 § 第12406节将国民警卫队联邦化[67][68]。国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯在推文中表示,彭德尔顿营的现役海军陆战队员处于“高度戒备”状态[69][70]

6月8日

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加州国民兵进驻洛杉矶

抗议活动在清晨逐渐平息,但仍在持续,组织者呼吁当天继续抗议[71]。上午11点30分,社区服务组织举行集会,随后游行至洛杉矶市中心的拘留中心[72][73]。洛杉矶市政厅外的抗议活动发生在下午2点左右[74]

来自第79步兵旅战斗队英语79th Infantry Brigade Combat Team (United States)的300名加州陆军国民警卫队英语California Army National Guard士兵[75]被部署到洛杉矶的三个不同地点[76][77];大多数士兵在联邦大楼外出现[77]。在赫格塞斯的指挥下,来自海军陆战队空地作战中心二十九棕榈村英语Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms的约500名现役海军陆战队员被置于“准备部署状态”[78][79]。在大都会拘留中心,国民警卫队和国土安全部官员使用烟雾弹和胡椒喷雾驱散抗议者,并为国土安全部、边境巡逻队和其他军用车辆进入拘留中心开辟道路[80]。国民警卫队士兵也抵达了洛杉矶市中心的拘留中心外[81]

霍曼在接受NBC新闻采访时表示,如果抗议活动继续下去,“会有人丧命”,并指出加州州长加文·纽森和洛杉矶市长凯伦·巴斯可能会因对ICE突袭行动的反应而面临联邦指控[77][82]。特朗普后来威胁说,如果抗议活动蔓延到其他城市,他将“在各地派遣军队”,并表示“如果我们看到对我们的国家和公民构成危险”​​,海军陆战队将在当地部署[83]

下午2:30,洛杉矶警察局中央分局宣布洛杉矶市进入“战术警戒”状态[84]。洛杉矶警察局中央分局随后宣布,已授权使用非致命性弹药驱散抗议活动,向警察投掷物品的人将被逮捕,事件指挥官已宣布此次集会为非法集会[85]。在阿拉米达和圣殿公园地区的一场抗议活动中,两名洛杉矶警察局警察被试图突破冲突线的摩托车手撞伤。两名骑手均被拘留,警察在现场接受治疗[16]。洛杉矶警察局宣布,在洛杉矶市中心的市政中心地区有多人被逮捕,其中包括数名被拘留并被戴上扎带的人[86]

下午4点前,抗议者进入洛杉矶市中心的101号国道并阻塞交通,导致警方随后关闭双向高速公路[87]。洛杉矶警察局宣布,由于抗议活动,部分高速公路和多条街道禁止车辆通行[88]。警方报告称,有人向警察发射烟花,还向警车投掷石块、摩托车和煤渣块。人们试图点燃警车。抗议者还向警察和其他人投掷煤渣块[89]。五辆Waymo无人驾驶汽车遭到破坏、焚烧和摧毁。洛杉矶警察局官员警告说,燃烧的锂离子电池会释放有毒气体[90]。Waymo于次日暂停服务并将其车辆从洛杉矶市中心移走,但一位发言人表示,示威者不认为汽车是故意针对的投掷目标。该服务仍在洛杉矶的其他地区运营[91]。下午4点左右,纽森致信国防部长赫格塞斯,要求他撤销特朗普部署国民警卫队的命令,称这是“对国家主权的严重侵犯”[92]

当晚,洛杉矶警察局在社交媒体上宣布,洛杉矶市中心地区全域均被视为非法集会,并敦促所有人离开[93][94]

洛杉矶警察局报告称,第六街和百老汇大街(洛杉矶市中心)[95][96]附近以及第八街和百老汇大街附近的商店皆有抢劫事件发生[97]。据报道,垃圾箱和垃圾桶内还发生了多起火灾。包括洛杉矶警察局总部、美国法院和旧洛杉矶时报大楼在内的建筑皆被人涂鸦。至少有一家商店的窗户被据称的抢劫者砸碎[48]。洛杉矶警察局总部的多扇窗户也被砸碎[48]

美国北方司令部成立一支正式的特遣部队,即第51特遣部队,以协调军事响应。一份官方声明称:“作为美国北方司令部的陆地部队司令部,美国北方陆军组建了第51特遣部队,并任命一名两星上将,作为对第十条部队的地面指挥和控制单位[75]。”该特遣部队由斯科特·M·谢尔曼少将指挥[98]

深夜,格伦代尔市决定终止与ICE的拘留协议,部分原因是对洛杉矶抗议和骚乱的反应[99]

6月9日

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下午早些时候,服务雇员国际工会在格兰德公园英语Grand Park组织集会,有数千人参加[100][101]。参议员亚当·希夫亚历克斯·帕迪拉致信国土安全部和司法部,要求对逮捕韦尔塔一事进行审查[102]。当天下午晚些时候,韦尔塔以5万美元的保释金获释[103]

抗议者在一座联邦大楼上涂鸦,并在街上高呼“国民警卫队滚出洛杉矶”、“ICE滚出洛杉矶”、“特朗普滚出洛杉矶”和“你真丢脸”等口号。手持防暴盾的警卫警告抗议者不要靠近大楼,只能走人行道[104]。夜幕降临后,许多抗议者被警察用扎带绑住,后被抬上洛杉矶警察局的一辆警车。其他抗议者向警察投掷包括烟花在内的物品。CNN的一名工作人员和两名与其一起工作的安保人员被短暂拘留,但后来被释放,没有受到任何指控[105]。一辆特莱蒙多新闻采访车也遭到抗议者的破坏[106]。警方在告诉人们清理现场并停止向扬声器投掷物品后,向市中心的一群抗议者投掷闪光弹和橡皮子弹[107]。多家商店遭到洗劫,包括一家苹果零售店、一家阿迪达斯商店、一家珠宝店和一些药店[108]。破碎的商店窗户上被喷涂上“抵制ICE”(No ICE)字样[109]。约有30人砸碎一家CVS药店的大门,准备从中偷窃。博物馆也遭到破坏[110]。洛杉矶警察局宣布进入战术警报,并补充说“所有制服人员必须继续执勤”[111]。截至晚上9:30,警察和警员仍然保持大量警力,但所有抗议者均已离开该地区,并开始清理工作,包括清理街道上的瓦砾、清扫玻璃以及涂抹文字与涂鸦[112]

特朗普在白宫对记者发表讲话时,将抗议者描述为“叛乱者”[113]。许多媒体猜测这种说法可能为他援引1807年《反叛乱法》提供了理由[114]。特朗普进一步表示,他认为应该逮捕加州州长纽森,并表示“如果我是汤姆,我也会这么做”。汤姆指的是曾被纽森嘲讽要去加州逮捕他的汤姆·霍曼。纽森随后不久回应称:“我希望永远不会在美国看到这样的一天”,“这是迈向威权主义的明确一步”[115]

特朗普在真实社交上写道:

“如果他们吐口水,我们就动手”。这是美国总统就洛杉矶发生的灾难性骚乱发表的声明,这场骚乱是由加文·纽森煽动起来的。叛乱分子有朝国民警卫队男女队员和其他人吐口水的倾向。这些爱国者被告知要接受这一点,这就是生活的常态。但在特朗普政府的领导下,情况并非如此。如果他们吐口水,我们就动手,我向你们保证,他们将遭受比以往任何时候都更猛烈的打击。这种不尊重是绝对不能容忍的![c][116][117][118]

截至中午,部署到洛杉矶的国民警卫队兵力已从300人[75]增加到1,000人[11]。CNN和NBC洛杉矶分台报道,根据五角大楼的消息,来自海军陆战队空地作战中心二十九棕榈村英语Marine Corps Base Twentynine Palms的700名海军陆战队员(来自第7海军陆战队第2营英语2nd Battalion, 7th Marines)将与国民警卫队一起在洛杉矶部署[36][75][119][120][121]。同一天,特朗普又批准部署2,000名国民警卫队成员,使国民警卫队总数超过4,100人[11][122]

晚上9时左右,CNN记者杰森·卡罗尔被拘留,其所属团队的两名摄制组成员也被捕[123]。深夜,《旧金山纪事报》刊登了美国国土安全部长克里斯蒂·诺姆写给国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯的一封外泄信件,信中请求“指示国防部部队要么拘留违法者,就像在任何由军队守卫的联邦设施中一样,直到他们被联邦执法部门逮捕和处理,或者逮捕他们。”诺姆还请求在洛杉矶提供“无人机监视支持”以及武器和后勤援助[124]

6月10日

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洛杉矶市中心(比例尺 < 500米(0.31英里),点击可放大)

6月10日下午,在北洛杉矶街300号联邦大楼、爱德华·R·罗伊巴尔联邦大楼和大都会拘留中心外的市中心地区再度爆发抗议活动[125][126][127]。下午2点过后不久,洛杉矶警察局宣布这次集会为非法集会[125][126]。警方在下午3点左右接到驱散令后开始逮捕抗议者[125]。抗议者还再次短暂地转移到101号美国国道上,随后被警方驱散[128][129][130]

截至6月10日,部署到洛杉矶的国民警卫队成员人数已达2,100人[131][132]。有目击者发现国民警卫队陪同和保护ICE特工执行移民逮捕任务[133][134]。部署的700名海军陆战队员也于当天抵达大洛杉矶地区[131][132]

洛杉矶市长巴斯宣布当地进入紧急状态,并宣布从晚上8点到次日早上6点在洛杉矶市中心一平方英里的区域内实行宵禁,以应对23家商铺遭到涂鸦破坏和其他抢劫的情况[135][136][137][138]。宵禁区域以5号州际公路10号州际公路110号州际公路为界,以及上述三条公路交汇处。受影响的街区包括但不限于时尚区、金融区英语Financial District, Los Angeles穷街艺术区英语Arts District, Los Angeles华埠[139]。一名在住所附近行走的女子被洛杉矶警察局使用非致命性弹药近距离射击[140][141]

6月11日

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洛杉矶市中心在同一时间内发生三起独立的抗议活动[142]。在第二天宵禁生效前,警察在推搡一群抗议者时发射泡沫弹和闪光弹[143]

据市议员马里奥·特鲁希略称,6月11日,唐尼市多处地点遭到移民执法人员突袭,包括家得宝、L.A. Fitness、永援圣母教堂前的人行道以及唐尼纪念基督教堂[144]。CHIRLA估计,自6月6日以来,约有300名移民被拘留,其中仅有5名被联邦拘留的移民与移民执法人员交谈过[145]

洛杉矶县警长办公室还宣布与部署的军事人员之间的沟通“有限”,军方与市长办公室之间没有任何沟通[146]

影响

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成本

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洛杉矶官员在6月10日的新闻发布会上宣布,一夜之间至少有23家商户遭到抢劫,损失估计达数百万美元[147]

五角大楼估计,4000名国民警卫队士兵和700名海军陆战队员的总部署将持续60天,耗资约1.34亿美元[148]

拘留外国公民

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印度尼西亚

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6月10日,印度尼西亚外交部宣布,驻洛杉矶领事馆已获得ICE在突袭行动中拘留两名印尼公民的相关信息,并正在与当地政府协调,争取获得领事协助。这两名印尼公民的身份分别为53岁的女性和48岁的男性。前者因非法移民身份被捕,而后者则因有毒品违法记录和非法入境美国而被捕[149][150][151]

墨西哥

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墨西哥驻洛杉矶总领事卡洛斯·冈萨雷斯·古铁雷斯宣布,截至6月7日,至少有11名墨西哥国民被捕,并将为他们提供法律服务[52]。次日,墨西哥总统克劳迪娅·辛鲍姆证实已有35名墨西哥国民被捕,并在新闻发布会上评论说“他们不是罪犯”[152]。6月9日,辛鲍姆敦促美国当局尊重正当程序人权[153]

全国响应

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抗议活动在美国全国多个城市引发响应。6月8日,旧金山ICE办公室外爆发声援抗议活动,最终以警方逮捕148人告终。两名警察在该市的抗议活动中受伤,有多栋建筑和车辆受损[154][155][156]

纽约市,26号联邦广场外再度发生一场声援抗议活动,最终警方拘留多人[157]。另外有二十多人在特朗普大厦抗议时被捕[158]。之后,数百名抗议者聚集在纽约街头,举着“ICE滚出纽约市”的标语[159]。在圣安娜,数人在圣安娜联邦大楼前的抗议活动中被捕[160]。多个城市的警察使用催泪瓦斯驱散抗议者,包括奥斯汀[161]佐治亚州比福德[162]。同日,大批抗议者聚集在芝加哥市中心举行游行。纽约爆发游行抗议,附近地区交通瘫痪,至少15人被捕。在旧金山,约有200名抗议者聚集在旧金山移民法庭外。西雅图丹佛奥斯汀达拉斯华盛顿特区波士顿等地也爆发了抗议活动[163]

记者遇袭

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据美联社报道,截至6月10日,已有20多名记者被执法部门逮捕或“殴打”,令新闻自由组织质疑记者是否被故意作为重点目标[164]。国际非政府组织无国界记者6月10日表示,至少发生了35起针对记者的袭击事件,其中30起来自执法部门[164]保护记者委员会第一修正案联盟英语First Amendment Coalition新闻自由基金会在致国土安全部部长克里斯蒂·诺姆的一封信中表示担忧,“联邦官员似乎故意针对仅仅在报道新闻的记者”[164]。洛杉矶新闻俱乐部秘书报告说,该组织记录了30多起记者、摄影师和其他媒体专业人员受到警方行动影响的事件,这些行动包括搜查记者的材料和包,以及向他们发射催泪瓦斯和橡皮子弹[165]

澳大利亚

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6月8日,澳大利亚9News记者劳伦·托马西在报道洛杉矶市中心大都会拘留中心外的抗议活动时,腿部被橡皮子弹击中,当时警方正开始驱散抗议者[166][19][167]。该录像在澳大利亚被反复播出[168]。澳大利亚总理安东尼·阿尔巴尼斯称此次枪击事件是“有针对性的”,并表示他已向特朗普政府交涉[169]澳大利亚外交贸易部发表声明称“所有记者都应能安全地开展工作”[170]。阿尔巴尼斯和参议员马特·卡纳万都表示,托马西的枪击事件似乎是有针对性的,卡纳万补充说,他只看了部分视频,“不愿妄下结论”[169][170]

同日,澳大利亚广播公司的工作人员在报道抗议活动时遭到催泪瓦斯袭击[171]。6月10日,同一组工作人员又遭到胡椒弹袭击[172]

英国

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2025年6月8日,英国记者兼摄影师尼克·斯特恩被一枚非致命性的3英寸(76毫米)射弹击中,接受了紧急手术。由于他的伤口开裂,需要物理治疗[77]。6月9日,ITV电视网早安英国》节目的主持人在直播过程中被橡皮子弹击中[173]

美国

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据报道,6月7日,世界社会主义网站记者在记录抗议活动时受伤,其中一名记者被美国移民官员用橡皮子弹从背部射击[17]。同日,南加州新闻集团的一名记者被警察用胡椒球子弹射击[165]

6月8日,一名《纽约时报》记者遭到枪击,但没有受重伤[174]

6月9日,《纽约邮报》新闻摄影师托比·坎汉姆正在拍摄驻扎在高速公路下方的加州公路巡警,记录抗议活动及其应对情况。据报道,拍摄期间,一名加州公路巡警将枪口对准聚集的记者开枪射击,一颗橡皮子弹击中坎汉姆的前额[175][176]

6月10日,《洛杉矶每日新闻》记者瑞安·梅纳和摄像师肖恩·贝克纳-卡米切尔遭到枪击[177]

中国

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6月9日,中国新华社的一位记者在洛杉矶被警方的催泪弹击中胳膊,另一位摄影记者被警方的橡皮子弹击中受伤。[178][179]

分析

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据路透社报道,此次抗议活动是特朗普总统自1月份上任以来在国内遭遇的最强烈抗议[180],并成为全国范围内关于移民、抗议、联邦武力用于国内事务、总统权力界限以及言论和集会自由等辩论的焦点[37]。报道称,ICE特工使用面具和巴拉克拉瓦头套引发了人们对缺乏问责和恐吓手段的担忧[181]。尽管有暴力事件发生,但大多数抗议活动以和平方式进行[b]。特朗普在没有州长合作的情况下将国民警卫队联邦化,这是自1965年塞尔玛蒙哥马利游行英语Selma to Montgomery marches以来首次采取此类行动[182]

特朗普政府利用社交媒体曝光抗议者与联邦当局之间的暴力冲突,尽管大部分冲突采取和平手段[31]。抗议者使用墨西哥国旗作为象征[183][184],而政府则将其描绘成“外国入侵”的证据[31]。抗议期间,虚假图片、错误信息和阴谋论在社交媒体上迅速传播,其中大多数错误地暗示整座城市都陷入了暴力之中,并对移民和民主党人表示愤怒,以及赞扬特朗普[32]

纽约时报》称,特朗普政府寻求与加州州长纽森对抗,“就其政治议程核心问题,与深蓝州的顶级政治对手展开摊牌”[31]路透社称,这让特朗普得以“兜售其强硬的移民政策,同时声称加州如果没有他的干预就无法制止暴力”[185]

与其他事件的比较

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1992年暴动

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学者认为此次抗议活动与1992年洛杉矶暴动截然不同,几乎没有可比性。许多人指出,当前的抗议活动基本上是和平手段进行,不针对居民,对房屋或企业造成的破坏相对较小,且规模亦较小,只局限于洛杉矶市中心的五个街区内[30][29]

6月10日,洛杉矶韩裔美国人联合会驳斥小唐纳德·特朗普的一条推文。小特朗普在推文中写道“让屋顶上的韩国人再次伟大!”( "Make Rooftop Koreans Great Again!"),并配上了一张屋顶上男子的照片,以此暗指1992年洛杉矶暴动,当时韩裔美国人向袭击他们商店的抢劫者开枪。联合会呼吁不要将此类事件用于任何政治目的,除非指责美国移民和海关执法局的突袭行动缺乏正当法律程序[186]

拍摄小特朗普在X上发布的照片​​的摄影记者姜亨元表示,他断章取义地拍摄了这张照片,由于小特朗普没有回应他将照片从账户中删除的请求,他已联系律师采取法律行动[186]

2021年国会山骚乱

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司法部长帕姆·邦迪在接受记者采访时驳斥了特朗普赦免国会山骚乱被告英语Pardon of January 6 United States Capitol attack defendants的做法与特朗普政府对洛杉矶暴力事件和抗议活动采取更加强硬的应对措施之间形成双重标准的说法。纽森州长回应称,特朗普的应对措施前后矛盾,他只反对对他有利的违法和暴力行为[187]

动用兵力

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6月10日,加州国民警卫队在洛杉矶与抗议者对峙

《纽约时报》将加州国民警卫队的联邦化和部署描述为特朗普“突破总统权力的界限,并引发批评,称他为了政治利益而激化局势”,因为他将这些事件描绘成“对国家的生存威胁”[31],并采用一个被围困国家的言论,特朗普表示他需要“解放洛杉矶”,使其免于“移民入侵”[188]。其他军事语言包括将抗议者称为“叛乱者”和“暴力叛乱暴徒”,称他们对美国主权造成威胁,特朗普需要防止洛杉矶“被夷为平地”,以及他不会允许“一座美国城市被外国敌人入侵和征服”[189]

经济学人》称,特朗普的回应仅仅是为了恢复秩序[190],并表示其目的是“制造对抗”,同时加剧“抗议、暴力和镇压的循环”,以使政府受益[38]。《政客》报道称,特朗普的回应是试图避免乔治·弗洛伊德之死相关抗议活动重演,当时有人建议他不要部署军队,特朗普的回应是出于他对选民执政授权的信念,这一信念推动了他在2024年总统选举中获胜,同时也是对其他市和州领导人的警告[189]

6月9日,特朗普表示局势“得到很好的控制”,并下令增派2,000名国民警卫队士兵和700名海军陆战队员进入洛杉矶[191]美国北方司令部表示,这些部队将在“第51特遣部队”的指挥下开展行动,第51特遣部队是洛杉矶部队的军事编号[191]

国民警卫队和军事部署的合法性

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据《纽约时报》报道,多名法律学者表示,特朗普部署国民警卫队的法律理据并未得到他所引用法律的授权,相反,他似乎是在宣布可疑的紧急状态以积聚行政权力[188]。《政客》称,特朗普所述的法律理据“如此罕见而戏剧性的举措,其依据站不住脚,甚至是人为的”,并可能加剧新一轮的骚乱[192]

分析人士表示,目前尚不清楚特朗普根据何种授权向洛杉矶部署现役海军陆战队[191],而美联社报道称,五角大楼正在“忙于”为将配备标准制式武器的海军陆战队制定交战规则[193]。法学教授史蒂夫·弗拉德克质疑国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯在应对行动中采取的行动是否合法,他认为这些行动超出了特朗普总统为保护财产和人员而发表的有限声明[43]

《军事时报》报道称,此次军事部署引发了专家和前国防官员的重大法律和政治担忧。他们指出,保护联邦财产的官方命令使军队执行了一项“尴尬且可能危险的任务”,这“有可能使这些部队看起来像是在执行执法任务”,并将其卷入党派政治。该报进一步指出,特朗普在“可能发生”抗议活动的城市部署军队的行政命令范围过广,可能允许军队在其他城市开展行动[194]。前少将保罗·伊顿称此次部署是军队政治化的一个例子,可能是动用《反叛乱法》的前奏[195]

6月9日清晨,纽森州长宣布计划起诉特朗普政府,原因是在未与其办公室协商的情况下部署国民警卫队,称其“非法且不道德”[48]。加州总检察长罗伯·邦塔英语Rob Bonta于当天晚些时候向加州北区地方法院提起诉讼[196],该诉讼被指派给前最高法院大法官史蒂芬·布雷耶的弟弟查尔斯·布雷耶英语Charles Breyer法官审理[197][198]。翌日,邦塔提交了一份紧急申请,要求颁发临时限制令,声称国民警卫队的联邦化不仅损害了该州的主权、耗费了该州的资源,而且“加剧了紧张局势,并助长了(而不是平息)内乱”[199]。布雷耶拒绝了邦塔的紧急裁决请求,并批准了特朗普政府的请求,给予更多时间回应州长的申请[200]。该政府于6月11日提出反对意见,称该诉讼是“粗鲁的政治噱头”,并辩称特朗普的决定不受法院审查[201]

露营与后勤

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据媒体报道,士兵被部署到洛杉矶时没有得到足够的帐篷、移动厕所和垃圾箱,而且截至6月9日,士兵的睡觉地点仍不得而知。高级军事领导人表示,士兵们将继续睡在地板上或户外,直到6月12日,届时联邦官员将决定是否制定更永久的住所计划[202]

反应

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参见

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注释

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  1. ^ 加州政府与特朗普政府之间存在持续的政治争执。
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 据消息人士称,大多数抗议活动以和平方式进行,并且只局限于城市的一小部分区域[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]
  3. ^ 原文:"If they spit, we will hit." This is a statement from the President of the United States concerning the catastrophic Gavin Newscum inspired Riots going on in Los Angeles. The Insurrectionists have a tendency to spit in the face of the National Guardsmen/women, and others. These Patriots are told to accept this, it's just the way life runs. But not in the Trump Administration. IF THEY SPIT, WE WILL HIT, and I promise you they will be hit harder than they have ever been hit before. Such disrespect will not be tolerated!

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Norris, Semantha Raquel. Protests in Downtown LA Following Immigration Raids. San Fernando Valley Sun. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-09]. 
  2. ^ Roderick-Fitch, Sarah. National Guardsmen arrive in response to LA's 'violent mobs'. Circleville Herald. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  3. ^ Detrow, Scott. Union leader detained at ICE raid in Los Angeles. NPR. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  4. ^ Taxin, Amy; Dearen, Jason. California labor leader charged with impeding officer during immigration crackdown. Associated Press. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09]. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Jeong, Helen. LAPD declares unlawful assembly on ICE raid protest in downtown LA. KNBC. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-09]. 
  6. ^ Im Mi-na. [르포] 전쟁터 방불...LA 불법이민단속 반발시위 현장 '일촉즉발'. Yonhap News Agency. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09] (韩语). 
  7. ^ Molina, Alejandra. Boyle Heights protesters demonstrate peacefully, encounter tear gas outside detention center in downtown L.A.. Boyle Heights Beat. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  8. ^ Garcia, Jorge; Barbakh, Arafat. California governor calls Trump National Guard deployment in LA unlawful. Reuters. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  9. ^ Huss, Phoebe. DHS tear gasses group protesting L.A. ICE raids. The Corsair. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-09]. 
  10. ^ Lyons, Todd. Statement from ICE Acting Director Todd Lyons on assaults against federal law enforcement officers in Los Angeles June 6. ICE.gov. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-09] (英语). 
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Baldor, Lolita C. Pentagon confirms 2,000 more National Guard troops deploying to California to support ICE. Associated Press. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 2,000 National Guard troops will be sent to L.A. amid clashes over immigration raids需要付费订阅. The Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2025-06-08). 
  13. ^ McFadden, Alyce. How many people have been arrested since the L.A. protests began?. The New York Times. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. 
  14. ^ Brooks, Brad; Younis, Omar; Ali, Idrees; Reid, Tim. Troops in LA can detain individuals, military official says, as protests spread across US. Reuters. 2025-06-11 [2025-06-11]. 
  15. ^ 15.0 15.1 Von Quednow, Cindy. More than 70 people were arrested in weekend protests in Los Angeles, officials say. CNN. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09]. 
  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 2 LAPD officers injured by motorcyclists. ABC News. June 8, 2025 [2025-06-08]. 
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 Protests continue in Los Angeles in response to fascist immigration raids. World Socialist Web Site. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 Helmore, Edward. British photojournalist hit by non lethal rounds during Los Angeles protests. The Guardian. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  19. ^ 19.0 19.1 Mishra, Stuti. Australian journalist Lauren Tomasi shot with rubber bullet while covering Los Angeles protests. The Independent. June 9, 2025 [2025-06-09]. 
  20. ^ McNeill, Cheyenne. "Completely unacceptable": Several journalists injured by law enforcement while covering LA protests. Salon. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-10] (英语). 
  21. ^ Day, Lauren. LA protests: Curfew declared for downtown LA to prevent 'looting', mayor confirms — as it happened. ABC News. 2025-06-11 [2025-06-11] (英语). 
  22. ^ Watkins, Ali. Some Journalists Are Injured While Covering L.A. Protests. The New York Times. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-11] (英语). 
  23. ^ California leaders condemn Ice raids in LA: 'We will not stand for this'. 卫报. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 Dallow, Lily. Police use flash-bangs, tear gas to quell ICE raid protests in L.A.. KTLA英语KTLA. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-07]. 
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 Uranga, Rachel; Ellis, Rebecca; Harter, Clara; Vives, Ruben; Mehta, Seema; Purtill, Corinne. ICE raids across L.A. spark backlash; Trump officials vow to continue operations. 洛杉矶时报. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  26. ^ Breen, Kerry; Hubbard, Kaia. Why are people protesting in Los Angeles? Here are key events leading up to President Trump's crackdown需要付费订阅. CBS News. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. The demonstrations have been largely peaceful, though outbreaks of violence over the weekend and on Monday resulted in arrests. 
  27. ^ Archie, Ayana. Protests against ICE have continued in LA into the week. Here's what to know. NPR News. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. Los Angeles police said that while the protests have mostly been peaceful, some violence has occurred. 
  28. ^ Gumbel, Andrew. LA cleans up and protests some more after weekend of defiance against Trump. The Guardian. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-10]. A mostly peaceful series of demonstrations were marred, as night fell, by more serious acts of vandalism and violence. 
  29. ^ 29.0 29.1 Melley, Brian. LA protests far different from '92 Rodney King riots需要付费订阅. Associated Press. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. Unlike the 1992 riots, protests have mainly been peaceful and been confined to a roughly five-block stretch of downtown LA, a tiny patch in the sprawling city of nearly 4 million people. No one has died. There's been vandalism and some cars set on fire but no homes or buildings have burned. 
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 Witz, Billy. When the National Guard Went to L.A. in 1992, the Situation Was Far Different.需要付费订阅. The New York Times. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-10]. The protests of 2025 bear little if any comparison to the widespread upheaval and violence of 1992. The protesters have directed their anger mainly at ICE agents, not at fellow residents, and the demonstrations have so far done relatively little damage to buildings or businesses. 
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Pager, Tyler. Trump Jumps at the Chance for a Confrontation in California Over Immigration需要付费订阅. The New York Times. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. They have shared images and videos of the most violent episodes — focusing particularly on examples of protesters lashing out at federal agents — even as many remained peaceful. 
  32. ^ 32.0 32.1 Myers, Steven Lee. Fake Images and Conspiracy Theories Swirl Around L.A. Protests需要付费订阅. The New York Times. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. Misleading photographs, videos and text have spread widely on social media as protests against immigrant raids have unfolded in Los Angeles, rehashing old conspiracy theories and expressing support for President Trump's actions. The flood of falsehoods online appeared intended to stoke outrage toward immigrants and political leaders, principally Democrats. Many posts created the false impression that the entire city was engulfed in violence, when the clashes were limited to only a small part. 
  33. ^ Trump, Donald. Department of Defense Security for the Protection of Department of Homeland Security Functions. The White House. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-08] (美国英语). In light of these incidents and credible threats of continued violence, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I [Donald J. Trump] hereby call into Federal service members and units of the National Guard under 10 U.S.C. 12406... 
  34. ^ 洛杉磯抗議掃蕩非法移民為何成暴動?國民兵是什麼?關鍵問答彙整. 中央社. 2025-06-09. 
  35. ^ Drenon, Brandon. 什么情况下,美国总统可在本土动用国民警卫队?. BBC News 中文. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09] (中文). 
  36. ^ 36.0 36.1 Bertrand, Natasha; Britzky, Haley. About 700 Marines being mobilized in response to LA protests, sources tell CNN. CNN. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09]. 
  37. ^ 37.0 37.1 Bose, Nandita. Political divide widens as Trump deploys National Guard to Los Angeles. Reuters. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. The protests against the raids have become the latest focal point in a national debate over immigration, protest rights, and the use of federal force in domestic affairs. It also has fueled discussion on the boundaries of presidential power and the public's right to dissent. 
  38. ^ 38.0 38.1 What's happening in LA could be a template for the Trump administration需要付费订阅. The Economist. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09]. the cycle of protest, violence and repression often benefits the political right, even when the unrest is fanned by the government itself. In Los Angeles neither the local police department, nor the mayor or the governor thought the presence of the National Guard would help restore order. But to point that out is to misunderstand why Mr Trump ordered troops in. That was to create confrontation. 
  39. ^ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Raji, Tobi; Ables, Kelsey. National Guard to mobilize amid L.A. protests, Trump's border czar says. The Washington Post. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-09]. 
  40. ^ Sternfeld, Marc. L.A. to become a 'sanctuary' city for migrants in response to Trump threat. KTLA. 2024-11-19 [2025-06-09]. 
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  42. ^ Davies, Emily. Trump has often demonized large cities over handling of migrants. The Washington Post. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  43. ^ 43.0 43.1 Savage, Charlie. Key Legal Questions in Trump's Order of National Guard to LA Protests. The New York Times. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-10]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
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  46. ^ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Mayorquín, Orlando; Jiménez, Jesus. Agents Use Military-Style Force Against Protesters at L.A. Immigration Raid需要付费订阅. The New York Times. 2025-06-06 [2025-06-07]. 
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  49. ^ ICE Captures Worst of the Worst Illegal Alien Criminals in Los Angeles Including Murderers, Sex Offenders, and Other Violent Criminals. United States Department of Homeland Security. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. (原始内容存档于2025-06-08). 
  50. ^ Immigration officials target 3 Los Angeles sites in raids condemned by area leaders. NBC News. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-08] (英语). 
  51. ^ Good, Lindsay; Lethang, Marlene. SEIU president David Huerta charged. NBC News. 2025-06-09 (英语). 
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  56. ^ 56.0 56.1 Uranga, Rachel; Gomez, Melissa; Purtill, Corinne; Hussain, Suhauna. After 2 days of clashes over immigration raids, National Guard will be sent to L.A., official says. Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
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  60. ^ 60.0 60.1 Uranga, Rachel; Gomez, Melissa; Purtill, Corinne; Hussain, Suhauna. Chaos erupts at Paramount Home Depot as protesters confront immigration agents. Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07] (美国英语). 
  61. ^ Romero, Dennis. Authorities face off against nighttime crowd at L.A. federal building. NBC News. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08] (英语). 
  62. ^ Rosenhall, Laurel; Mayorquín, Orlando; Dwyer, Mimi; Jiménez, Jesus. The Los Angeles Police declared an unlawful assembly for a block in downtown Los Angeles that included the Metropolitan Detention Center, a site of protests over the past two days. The police ordered protesters to disperse, saying on social media that officers were authorized to use less-than-lethal munitions.. The New York Times. 
  63. ^ Chinchilla, Rudy. Demonstrators hit police cruiser in downtown L.A.. NBC News. June 8, 2025 [2025-06-08]. 
  64. ^ Dwyer, Mimi. As night fell, some demonstrators in Compton started to throw glass bottles filled with a substance that smelled like gasoline at the police.. The New York Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  65. ^ 65.0 65.1 Aleaziz, Hamed; Rosenhall, Laurel. Trump to Send National Guard to LA to Quell Immigration Protests: Live Updates. The New York Times. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. ISSN 0362-4331 (美国英语). 
  66. ^ Bedigan, Mike; Graziosi, Graig. Trump's border czar says he's sending National Guard to fight LA anti-ICE protests as clashes continue into second day. The Independent. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-07]. 
  67. ^ Hubler, Shawn; Rosenhall, Lauren. Trump Is Calling Up National Guard Troops Under a Rarely Used Power. The New York Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
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  69. ^ Rosenberg, Carol. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said in a post on X that active duty Marines were "on high alert" at Camp Pendleton, about 100 miles south of Los Angeles, and could also be mobilized.. The New York Times. 2025-06-07 [2025-06-07]. 
  70. ^ Protests in Los Angeles against mass deportations crushed by federal troops. MercoPress. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-09] (英语). 
  71. ^ Clayton, Freddie. Protests dying down, no sign of National Guard. NBC News. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. 
  72. ^ Molina, Alejandra. Boyle Heights protesters demonstrate peacefully, encounter tear gas. Boyle Heights Beat. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-10] (美国英语). 
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  74. ^ Lloyd, Jonathan. Protest begins outside Los Angeles City Hall. NBC 4 Los Angeles. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. 
  75. ^ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Slayton, Nicholas. US Northern Command sets up task force for Los Angeles mission. Task and Purpose. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
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  78. ^ Clary, Gregory. Approximately 500 active-duty Marines "prepared to deploy," NORTHCOM says. CNN. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. 
  79. ^ Martinez, Luis. 500 Marines are on standby to be deployed in Los Angeles: USNORTHCOM. ABC News. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  80. ^ Queally, James. Federal authorities deploy less-lethal weapons at Metropolitan Detention Center. Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  81. ^ Morris, Regan. National Guard arrives in LA. BBC News. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. 
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  84. ^ LAPD issues tactical alert amid immigration protests. ABC7 Los Angeles. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-11] (英语). 
  85. ^ Hughes, Trevor; Bacon, John; Kochi, Sudiksha; Meyer, Josh; Jansen, Bart; Nguyen, Thao. Downtown LA declared 'unlawful assembly'; Newsom to sue over National Guard deployment. USA Today. [2025-06-11] (美国英语). 
  86. ^ LAPD: "A number of people have been arrested". CNN. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-08]. 
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  88. ^ These streets and highways are closed near downtown Los Angeles. ABC News. 2025-06-08 [2025-06-09]. 
  89. ^ 'That can kill you': L.A. police attacked with fireworks, rocks, molotov cocktails. KTLA. [2025-06-10]. (原始内容存档于2025-06-09) (美国英语). 
  90. ^ Ellis, Rebecca; Harter, Clara; Queally, James. Waymo vehicles set on fire in downtown L.A, as protesters, police clash. Los Angeles Times. June 8, 2025 [June 9, 2025] (美国英语). 
  91. ^ Cunningham, Mary. Waymo suspends car service in downtown Los Angeles after 5 vehicles set ablaze during ICE protests. CBS News. 2025-06-09 [2025-06-11] (美国英语). 
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  95. ^ O'Connell, Oliver; Liddell, James. Looting reported in downtown LA on Sunday night. The Independent. June 9, 2025 [2025-06-09]. Late on Sunday night, the LAPD tweeted that there were reports of looting at 6th Street and Broadway in downtown Los Angeles. 
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  100. ^ After 'weekend of chaos,' thousands rally to protest ICE raids and arrest of union leader. Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-09 [June 10, 2025] (美国英语). 
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  109. ^ Liddell, James. Looters in LA target the jewelry district as cops are preoccupied with ICE protests. The Independent. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-11] (英语). 
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  127. ^ Clashes between federal agents and protesters begin in downtown L.A.; one person detained. Los Angeles Times. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-10]. 
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  147. ^ Moore, Jack; Hoffman, Riley; Shalvey, Kevin; Sarnoff, Leah; Shapiro, Emily. 23 businesses looted in LA, with estimated millions in damage. ABC News. 2025-06-10 [2025-06-11] (英语). 
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