抗炎性
抗炎性（英語：Anti-inflammatory）指物質或治療能減少炎症的特性。
消炎藥佔約止痛藥的一半。消炎藥以消炎作用來減少疼痛，與鴉片類藥物不同，後者影響中樞神經系統以阻斷疼痛訊號傳達到大腦。
抗炎藥種類
[編輯]- 非甾體抗炎藥（非類固醇消炎止痛藥）：可中和環加氧酶（cyclooxygenase, COX）來減輕疼痛，因為環加氧酶可以促進前列腺素的生成進而引發炎症。這類非類固醇類消炎藥通過阻止前列腺素的生成來減輕或消除疼痛。
- 血清素能致幻劑：多種血清素能致幻劑作為5-HT2A受體激動劑，被發現具有強效的抗炎和免疫調節作用[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]。雖然一些致幻劑具有抗炎作用，但許多致幻劑也是有效的5-HT2B受體激動劑[10]。長期反覆使用這些藥物會導致心臟纖維化和心臟瓣膜病[11][12][13][14][15]，即使微量服用也可能出現這種情況[11][12][13]。
參考文獻
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- ^ Escoter-Torres L, Caratti G, Mechtidou A, Tuckermann J, Uhlenhaut NH, Vettorazzi S. Fighting the Fire: Mechanisms of Inflammatory Gene Regulation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Front Immunol. 2019, 10: 1859. PMC 6693390
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- ^ Nichols DE, Johnson MW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm. Clin Pharmacol Ther. February 2017, 101 (2): 209–219. PMID 28019026. doi:10.1002/cpt.557.
- ^ Flanagan TW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Animal Models. Disruptive Psychopharmacology. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 56. 2022: 229–245. ISBN 978-3-031-12183-8. PMID 35546383. doi:10.1007/7854_2022_367.
- ^ Nichols CD. Psychedelics as potent anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Neuropharmacology. November 2022, 219: 109232. PMID 36007854. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109232 .
- ^ Flanagan TW, Nichols CD. Psychedelics as anti-inflammatory agents (PDF). Int Rev Psychiatry. August 2018, 30 (4): 363–375. PMID 30102081. doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1481827.
- ^ Thompson C, Szabo A. Psychedelics as a novel approach to treating autoimmune conditions. Immunol Lett. December 2020, 228: 45–54. PMID 33035575. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2020.10.001. hdl:10852/80687 .
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- ^ Flanagan TW, Billac GB, Landry AN, Sebastian MN, Cormier SA, Nichols CD. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Psychedelics in a Rat Model of Asthma Reveals the Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacophore. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. April 2021, 4 (2): 488–502. PMC 8033619 . PMID 33860179. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00063.
- ^ Luethi, Dino; Liechti, Matthias E. Drugs of Abuse Affecting 5-HT2B Receptors. 5-HT2B Receptors 35. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2021: 277–289. ISBN 978-3-030-55919-9. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-55920-5_16.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Tagen M, Mantuani D, van Heerden L, Holstein A, Klumpers LE, Knowles R. The risk of chronic psychedelic and MDMA microdosing for valvular heart disease. J Psychopharmacol. September 2023, 37 (9): 876–890. PMID 37572027. doi:10.1177/02698811231190865.
- ^ 12.0 12.1 Rouaud A, Calder AE, Hasler G. Microdosing psychedelics and the risk of cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy: Comparison to known cardiotoxins. J Psychopharmacol. March 2024, 38 (3): 217–224. PMC 10944580 . PMID 38214279. doi:10.1177/02698811231225609.
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- ^ Wsół A. Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Pharmacol Rep. December 2023, 75 (6): 1362–1380. PMC 10661823 . PMID 37874530. doi:10.1007/s43440-023-00539-4.
- ^ McIntyre RS. Serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonism and valvular heart disease: implications for the development of psilocybin and related agents. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2023, 22 (10): 881–883. PMID 37581427. doi:10.1080/14740338.2023.2248883.
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