β-葡聚醣
外觀


β-葡聚醣是指由β-葡萄糖[a]通過β-醣苷鍵聚合形成的聚醣,多數的β-葡聚醣分子內醣苷鍵類型均為β-1,3-醣苷鍵或β-1,6-醣苷鍵。β-葡聚醣最早發現於地衣中[1]。一部分β-葡聚醣對人類健康有益[2]。已有研究證據表明,通過β-1,3-醣苷鍵聚合而成的β-葡聚醣能強化哺乳動物的先天免疫系統[3]。1997年,FDA認可了成人每天應至少攝入3克β-葡聚醣的建議[4]。
纖維素在化學意義上是較為常見的β-葡聚醣,但是內含β-1,4-醣苷鍵,沒有其他β-葡聚醣的效果,因此營養學意義上不計入。[5]可能有β-1,3-連結對於這些效果比較重要。考慮到這點,營養學的「β-葡聚醣」概念一種更加嚴格的叫法是:β-1,3-葡聚醣。[6]
來源(例子) | 主鏈結構 | 支鏈結構 | 水溶性 |
---|---|---|---|
細菌(熱凝膠多醣) | ![]() |
無 | 不可溶[7] |
真菌(靈芝為例) | ![]() |
短支鏈 β-1,6 | 不可溶[8] |
真菌(酵母細胞壁)[b] | ![]() |
長支鏈 β-1,6 | 不可溶[9] |
穀類(燕麥β-葡聚醣) | ![]() |
無 | 可溶[10] |
不可溶的葡聚醣可以通過一些化學修飾轉化為可溶形式。[8]
參見
[編輯]注釋
[編輯]參考資料
[編輯]- ^ Kirby, R. W.; Anderson, J. W.; Sieling, B.; Rees, E. D.; Chen, W. J.; Miller, R. E.; Kay, R. M. Oat-bran intake selectively lowers serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations of hypercholesterolemic men. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1981-05, 34 (5): 824–829 [2021-11-10]. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 6263072. doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.5.824. (原始內容存檔於2021-11-23).
- ^ Tsuji, Yoshinori; Yoshida, Masaki. Chapter Seven - Biology of Haptophytes: Complicated Cellular Processes Driving the Global Carbon Cycle. Hirakawa, Yoshihisa (編). Advances in Botanical Research. Secondary Endosymbioses 84. Academic Press. 2017-01-01: 219–261 [2018-12-27]. (原始內容存檔於2020-05-14) (英語).
- ^ Brown, Gordon D.; Williams, David L. (1,3)-β-Glucans in Innate Immunity. Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides. Elsevier. 2009: 579–619 [2021-11-10]. ISBN 978-0-12-373971-1. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-373971-1.00018-2. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-10) (英語).
- ^ FOOD LABELING. ecfr.gov. [2018-12-27]. (原始內容存檔於2021-08-31).
- ^ Sikora, Per. Identification of high b-glucan oat lines and localization and chemical characterization of their seed kernel b-glucans. Food Chemistry. 14 June 2012, 137 (1–4): 83–91. PMID 23199994. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.007.
- ^ Zeković, Djordje B. Natural and Modified (1→3)-β-D-Glucans in Health Promotion and Disease Alleviation. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 10 October 2008, 25 (4): 205–230. PMID 16419618. S2CID 86109922. doi:10.1080/07388550500376166.
- ^ Mcintosh, M. Curdlan and other bacterial (1→3)-β-D-glucans. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 19 October 2004, 68 (2): 163–173. PMID 15818477. S2CID 13123359. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-1959-5.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Han, Man Deuk. Solubilization of water-insoluble β-glucan isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. Journal of Environmental Biology. March 2008.
- ^ Volman, Julia J. Dietary modulation of immune function by β-glucans. Physiology & Behavior. 20 November 2007, 94 (2): 276–284. PMID 18222501. S2CID 24758421. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.11.045.
- ^ Chu, YiFang. Oats Nutrition and Technology. Barrington, Illinois: Wiley Blackwell. 2014. ISBN 978-1-118-35411-7.
![]() | 這是一篇與生物化學相關的小作品。您可以透過編輯或修訂擴充其內容。 |