諾維戰役 (1799年)
外观

諾維戰役 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
第二次反法同盟的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 《諾維戰役》,亞歷山大·馮·科策比繪 | |||||||
| |||||||
参战方 | |||||||
![]() |
![]() ![]() | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
51,547人[1] | 34,930人[1] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
8,000人傷亡[2] | 11,000人傷亡[2] |
諾維戰役(法語:Bataille de Novi)發生於1799年8月15日,是法国大革命战争第二次反法同盟期間的一場戰役。亚历山大·苏沃洛夫元帥指揮的俄奧聯軍在此役擊敗巴泰勒米·儒貝爾與讓·維克托·莫羅領軍的法軍,迫使後者向後撤退。
1799年,俄奧聯軍橫掃波河流域,奪回1796年為拿破崙所佔領之地。法軍在馬尼亞諾、卡薩諾及特雷比亞河諸戰役中被擊敗,隨後,法軍與附庸國軍隊退入熱那亞及利古里亞共和國。法國政府任命儒貝爾接掌重整後的「義大利軍團」,並命其發動攻勢。遂法軍越過山脊,於8月14日集結於诺维利古雷高地。然而,儒貝爾驚訝地發現,敵軍主力近在咫尺。翌晨,保羅·克賴率奧軍向法軍左翼發起猛攻,戰鬥遂告展開。稍作遲滯後,蘇沃洛夫投入一支俄軍攻擊法軍中央,並命米夏埃爾·梅拉斯率奧軍攻擊法軍右翼。克賴所部損失慘重,然至黃昏時,法軍已敗局已定,其對義大利里维埃拉的控制亦嚴重受挫。由於地形不利,雙方騎兵幾無用武之地,僅於戰後為聯軍追擊所用。然而,聯軍統帥隨後卻自毀戰略優勢,將蘇沃洛夫的俄軍調往瑞士,導致马塞纳將軍抓住其戰略失誤,於蘇黎世戰役擊敗俄軍,控制瑞士。
註腳
[编辑]參考文獻
[编辑]- Chandler, David G. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan. 1979. ISBN 0-02-523670-9.
- Clausewitz, Carl von. Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland 1. 由Murray, Nicholas; Pringle, Christopher翻译. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 2020 [6 June 2023]. ISBN 978-0-7006-3025-7.
- Clodfelter, M. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 4th. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. 2017. ISBN 978-0-7864-7470-7.
- Duffy, Christopher. Eagles Over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland, 1799. Chicago, Ill.: The Emperor's Press. 1999. ISBN 1-883476-18-6.
- Rothenberg, Gunther E. The Art of War in the Age of Napoleon. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. 1980. ISBN 0-253-31076-8.
- Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill. 1998. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.
- Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. 2009. ISBN 978-1851096725.
- Eggenberger, David. An Encyclopedia of Battles. New York: Dover Publications. 1985 [28 June 2023]. ISBN 0-486-24913-1.
- Latimer, Jon. War of the Second Coalition. Military History. December 1999: 62–69.
- Bodart, Gaston. Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905). Vienna and Leipzig: C. W. Stern. 1908 [27 May 2023] (德语).
- Orlov, Nikolay Aleksandrovich. Разбор военных действий Суворова в Италии в 1799 году [Analysis of Suvorov's military actions in Italy in 1799] (PDF). St. Petersburg: Тип. Тренке и Фюсно. 1892. ISBN 9785998994289 (俄语).
- Rostunov, Ivan I. Генералиссимус Александр Васильевич Суворов: Жизнь и полководческая деятельность [Generalissimo Alexander Suvorov: Life and military activity]. Moscow: Voenizdat. 1989. ISBN 5-203-00046-8 (俄语).
- Bogolyubov, Aleksandr N. Полководческое искусство А.В. Суворова [The art of military leadership of A.V. Suvorov]. Moscow: Voenizdat. 1939. ISBN 978-5-4484-0277-7 (俄语).
- Arsenyev, Konstantin; Petrushevsky, Fyodor. Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. XXI. Нибелунги — Нэффцер. Friedrich A. Brockhaus (Leipzig), Ilya A. Efron (St. Petersburg). 1897 [30 May 2023] (俄语).
- Milyutin, Dmitry. История войны России с Францией в царствование Императора Павла I в 1799 году [The history of Russia's war with France during the reign of Emperor Paul I in 1799] III. St. Petersburg: Типография штаба военно-учебных заведений. 1852 [26 July 2023] (俄语).
- Velichko, Konstantin; Novitsky, Vasily; Schwarz, Aleksey von; Apushkin, Vladimir; Schulz, Gustav von. Sytin Military Encyclopedia. XVII. Нитроглицерин — Патруль. Тип. Т-ва И. Д. Сытина. 1914 [28 June 2023] (俄语).
- Egorshina, O.; Petrova, A. История русской армии [The history of the Russian Army]. Moscow: Edition of the Russian Imperial Library. 2023. ISBN 978-5-699-42397-2 (俄语).