埃斯坎布雷叛乱
外观
埃斯坎布赖叛乱 | |||||||
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古巴革命的巩固的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 古巴的反共叛乱分子,约1959年—1964年 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
![]() ![]() 正统党[2] |
![]() 支持者: ![]() | ||||||
指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 西内西奥·沃尔什(被俘)[3] |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
参战单位 | |||||||
约177个非法团体[5]
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![]() 全国革命民兵 国家安全部[6] | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
2000[5]—3995名战斗人员 6000多名协作者[5] | 250000人(军队与民兵)[7] | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
2000—3000人阵亡 5000人被俘 |
武装部队: 500名士兵阵亡 1000多名士兵受伤 民兵: 3500人阵亡 | ||||||
总死亡人数:1000—7000人[8] |
埃斯坎布雷叛乱是一场发生于1959年—1965年的武装冲突,地点位于古巴埃斯坎布雷山脉,其间多个叛乱团体与菲德尔·卡斯特罗领导的古巴政府作战。古巴政府称针对这场叛乱的军事行动为反对土匪斗争(西班牙语:Lucha Contra Bandidos,缩写为LCB)。
叛军由前巴蒂斯塔政权的士兵、当地农民以及在古巴革命期间曾与卡斯特罗并肩作战的前游击队员组成。最终结果是古巴政府军于1965年消灭了所有叛乱分子[9]。
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. McFarland. 2017: 637. ISBN 978-0786474707.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 6.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 35.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 36.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Brown (2017),Paragraph 78.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 39.
- ^ Swanger, p. 243
- ^ Joanna Swanger. "Rebel Lands of Cuba: The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974." p. 243.
- ^ Warner, Michael. The CIA's internal probe of the Bay of Pigs affair (PDF). [Forgotten History]. [3 May 2022]. OCLC 176629005. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于3 May 2022).
参考书目
[编辑]- Brown, Jonathan. The bandido counterrevolution in Cuba, 1959–1965. Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. 2017. doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.71412
.
- De la Cova, Antonio Rafael. 2007. The Moncada Attack: Birth of the Cuban Revolution. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-672-9, p. 314 note 47.
- Dreke, Victor (Edited by Mary-Alice Waters) 2002. From el Escambray to the Congo. Pathfinder Press, New York. ISBN 0-87348-947-0, ISBN 0-87348-948-9.
- Encinosa, Enrique G. 1989. El Escopetero Chapter in Escambray: La Guerra Olvidada, Un Libro Historico de Los Combatientes Anticastristas en Cuba (1960–1966). Editorial SIBI, Miami.
- Encinosa, Enrique G. 2004. Unvanquished – Cuba's Resistance to Fidel Castro, Pureplay Press, Los Angeles, pp. 73–86. ISBN 0-9714366-6-5.
- Faria, Miguel A. Cuba in Revolution – Escape from a Lost Paradise. Hacienda Publishing, Macon, GA, pp. 88–93. ISBN 0-9641077-3-2.
- Fermoselle, Rafael 1992. Cuban Leadership after Castro: Biographies of Cuba's Top Commanders, North-South Center, University of Miami, Research Institute for Cuban Studies; 2nd ed (paperback) ISBN 0-935501-35-5.
- Franqui, Carlos 1984 (foreword by G. Cabrera Infante and translated by Alfred MacAdam from Spanish 1981 version). Family portrait with Fidel, Random House First Vintage Books, New York. ISBN 0-394-72620-0 .
- Priestland, Jane (editor) 2003. British Archives on Cuba: Cuba under Castro 1959–1962. Archival Publications International Limited, 2003, London ISBN 1-903008-20-4.
- Puebla, Teté (Brigadier General of the Cuban Armed Forces) 2003. Marianas in Combat: the Mariana Grajales Women's Platoon in Cuba's Revolutionary War 1956–58, New York Pathfinder (Paperback) ISBN 0-87348-957-8.
- Ros, Enrique 2006. El Clandestinaje y la Lucha Armada Contra Castro (The clandestinity and the armed fight against Castro), Ediciones Universal, Miami ISBN 1-59388-079-0.
- Volkman, Ernest 1995. "Our man in Havana. Cuban double agents 1961–1987" in Espionage: The Greatest Spy Operations of the Twentieth Century, Wiley, New York ISBN 0-471-16157-8.