埃斯坎布雷叛亂
外觀
埃斯坎布賴叛亂 | |||||||
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古巴革命的鞏固的一部分 | |||||||
![]() 古巴的反共叛亂分子,約1959年—1964年 | |||||||
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參戰方 | |||||||
![]() ![]() 正統黨[2] |
![]() 支持者: ![]() | ||||||
指揮官與領導者 | |||||||
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() 西內西奧·沃爾什(被俘)[3] |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | ||||||
參戰單位 | |||||||
約177個非法團體[5]
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![]() 全國革命民兵 國家安全部[6] | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
2000[5]—3995名戰鬥人員 6000多名協作者[5] | 250000人(軍隊與民兵)[7] | ||||||
傷亡與損失 | |||||||
2000—3000人陣亡 5000人被俘 |
武裝部隊: 500名士兵陣亡 1000多名士兵受傷 民兵: 3500人陣亡 | ||||||
總死亡人數:1000—7000人[8] |
埃斯坎布雷叛亂是一場發生於1959年—1965年的武裝衝突,地點位於古巴埃斯坎布雷山脈,其間多個叛亂團體與菲德爾·卡斯特羅領導的古巴政府作戰。古巴政府稱針對這場叛亂的軍事行動為反對土匪鬥爭(西班牙語:Lucha Contra Bandidos,縮寫為LCB)。
叛軍由前巴蒂斯塔政權的士兵、當地農民以及在古巴革命期間曾與卡斯特羅並肩作戰的前游擊隊員組成。最終結果是古巴政府軍於1965年消滅了所有叛亂分子[9]。
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015, 4th ed. McFarland. 2017: 637. ISBN 978-0786474707.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 6.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 35.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 36.
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Brown (2017),Paragraph 78.
- ^ Brown (2017),Paragraph 39.
- ^ Swanger, p. 243
- ^ Joanna Swanger. "Rebel Lands of Cuba: The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974." p. 243.
- ^ Warner, Michael. The CIA's internal probe of the Bay of Pigs affair (PDF). [Forgotten History]. [3 May 2022]. OCLC 176629005. (原始內容 (PDF)存檔於3 May 2022).
參考書目
[編輯]- Brown, Jonathan. The bandido counterrevolution in Cuba, 1959–1965. Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos. 2017. doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.71412
.
- De la Cova, Antonio Rafael. 2007. The Moncada Attack: Birth of the Cuban Revolution. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-672-9, p. 314 note 47.
- Dreke, Victor (Edited by Mary-Alice Waters) 2002. From el Escambray to the Congo. Pathfinder Press, New York. ISBN 0-87348-947-0, ISBN 0-87348-948-9.
- Encinosa, Enrique G. 1989. El Escopetero Chapter in Escambray: La Guerra Olvidada, Un Libro Historico de Los Combatientes Anticastristas en Cuba (1960–1966). Editorial SIBI, Miami.
- Encinosa, Enrique G. 2004. Unvanquished – Cuba's Resistance to Fidel Castro, Pureplay Press, Los Angeles, pp. 73–86. ISBN 0-9714366-6-5.
- Faria, Miguel A. Cuba in Revolution – Escape from a Lost Paradise. Hacienda Publishing, Macon, GA, pp. 88–93. ISBN 0-9641077-3-2.
- Fermoselle, Rafael 1992. Cuban Leadership after Castro: Biographies of Cuba's Top Commanders, North-South Center, University of Miami, Research Institute for Cuban Studies; 2nd ed (paperback) ISBN 0-935501-35-5.
- Franqui, Carlos 1984 (foreword by G. Cabrera Infante and translated by Alfred MacAdam from Spanish 1981 version). Family portrait with Fidel, Random House First Vintage Books, New York. ISBN 0-394-72620-0 .
- Priestland, Jane (editor) 2003. British Archives on Cuba: Cuba under Castro 1959–1962. Archival Publications International Limited, 2003, London ISBN 1-903008-20-4.
- Puebla, Teté (Brigadier General of the Cuban Armed Forces) 2003. Marianas in Combat: the Mariana Grajales Women's Platoon in Cuba's Revolutionary War 1956–58, New York Pathfinder (Paperback) ISBN 0-87348-957-8.
- Ros, Enrique 2006. El Clandestinaje y la Lucha Armada Contra Castro (The clandestinity and the armed fight against Castro), Ediciones Universal, Miami ISBN 1-59388-079-0.
- Volkman, Ernest 1995. "Our man in Havana. Cuban double agents 1961–1987" in Espionage: The Greatest Spy Operations of the Twentieth Century, Wiley, New York ISBN 0-471-16157-8.