氰钴胺

氰钴胺
	键线式
	根据氰钴胺晶体结构的球棍模型
临床资料
读音	sye AN oh koe BAL a min
商品名（英语：Drug nomenclature）	Cobolin-M, Depo-Cobolin, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	专业药物信息
MedlinePlus	a604029
核准状况	美 DailyMed: Cyanocobalamin;
怀孕分级	澳: Exempt; ;
给药途径	口服给药, 肌肉注射, 喷鼻剂（英语：nasal spray）
ATC码	B03BA01 (WHO) ;
法律规范状态
法律规范	美：OTC / Rx-only;
识别信息
CAS号	68-19-9
PubChem CID	16212801;
DrugBank	DB00115;
ChemSpider	24921423;
UNII	P6YC3EG204;
KEGG	D00166;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2110563;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.618
化学信息
化学式	C63H88CoN14O14P
摩尔质量	1,355.39 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol（英语：JSmol））	交互式图像;
熔点	300 °C（572 °F） +
沸点	300 °C（572 °F） +
水溶性	1/80g/ml
	SMILES CC1=CC2=C(C=C1C)N(C=N2)C3C(C(C(O3)CO)OP(=O)([O-])OC(C)CNC(=O)CCC4(C(C5C6(C(C(C(=C(C7=NC(=CC8=NC(=C(C4=N5)C)C(C8(C)C)CCC(=O)N)C(C7(C)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)C)[N-]6)CCC(=O)N)(C)CC(=O)N)C)CC(=O)N)C)O.[C-]#N.[Co+3];
	InChI InChI=1S/C62H90N13O14P.CN.Co/c1-29-20-39-40(21-30(29)2)75(28-70-39)57-52(84)53(41(27-76)87-57)89-90(85,86)88-31(3)26-69-49(83)18-19-59(8)37(22-46(66)80)56-62(11)61(10,25-48(68)82)36(14-17-45(65)79)51(74-62)33(5)55-60(9,24-47(67)81)34(12-15-43(63)77)38(71-55)23-42-58(6,7)35(13-16-44(64)78)50(72-42)32(4)54(59)73-56;1-2;/h20-21,23,28,31,34-37,41,52-53,56-57,76,84H,12-19,22,24-27H2,1-11H3,(H15,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,71,72,73,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,85,86);;/q;-1;+3/p-2/t31-,34-,35-,36-,37+,41-,52-,53-,56-,57?,59-,60+,61+,62+;;/m1../s1; Key:FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-QJRSUKKJSA-L;

氰钴胺是人工合成制造的维生素B₁₂，用于治疗维生素B12缺乏症^[2]。可能造成的病因包括恶性贫血、胃切除术后、鱼绦虫感染或肠癌^[7]。治疗维生素 B12 缺乏症时，羟钴胺较受欢迎^[5]。可以口服、肌肉注射或做成喷鼻剂（英语：Nasal spray）使用^[5] ^[6]。

氰钴胺耐受性通常良好^[8]。轻微的副作用包括可能腹泻和瘙痒^[9]。严重副作用包括可能过敏反应、低血钾和心脏衰竭^[9]。不建议对钴过敏或雷伯氏遗传性视神经萎缩症患者使用^[7]。维生素B
12是一种必需营养素，人体不能主动制造，因此足量摄取是维持生命的必备品^[10] ^[8]。

氰钴胺于1940年代首次生产^[11]。已是学名药，也可在一般药局柜台购买，不需处方签^[5] ^[8]。在2017年，它是美国第 170 种最常用的处方药，共开出超过 300 万张处方^[12] ^[13]。

参见

参考文献

^ Prieto L, Neuburger M, Spingler B, Zelder F. Inorganic Cyanide as Protecting Group in the Stereospecific Reconstitution of Vitamin B₁₂ from an Artificial Green Secocorrinoid (PDF). Organic Letters. October 2016, 18 (20): 5292–5295. PMID 27726382. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02611.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Vitamin B12 Injection: Side Effects, Uses & Dosage. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于19 April 2019）.
^ Cyanocobalamin – Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2006–2016. ClinCalc.com. [9 November 2019].
^ Therapeutic goods exempted from pregnancy categorisation. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022 [20 May 2024].
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 993–994. ISBN 9780857113382.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Cyanocobalamin Side Effects in Detail. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于8 March 2021）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 DailyMed – cyanocobalamin, isopropyl alcohol. dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于22 August 2019）.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Lilley, Linda Lane; Collins, Shelly Rainforth; Snyder, Julie S. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2019: 83 [2019-04-19]. ISBN 9780323550468. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Cyanocobalamin - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于19 April 2019）.
^ Markle HV. Cobalamin. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 1996, 33 (4): 247–356. PMID 8875026. doi:10.3109/10408369609081009.
^ Orkin, Stuart H.; Nathan, David G.; Ginsburg, David; Look, A. Thomas; Fisher, David E.; Lux, Samuel. Nathan and Oski's Hematology and Oncology of Infancy and Childhood E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 309 [2019-04-19]. ISBN 9780323291774. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.
^ The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于12 February 2021）.
^ Cyanocobalamin - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2019）.

[1] Prieto L, Neuburger M, Spingler B, Zelder F. Inorganic Cyanide as Protecting Group in the Stereospecific Reconstitution of Vitamin B₁₂ from an Artificial Green Secocorrinoid (PDF). Organic Letters. October 2016, 18 (20): 5292–5295. PMID 27726382. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02611.

[Over2019-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Vitamin B12 Injection: Side Effects, Uses & Dosage. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于19 April 2019）.

[3] Cyanocobalamin – Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2006–2016. ClinCalc.com. [9 November 2019].

[4] Therapeutic goods exempted from pregnancy categorisation. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 June 2022 [20 May 2024].

[BNF76-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 British national formulary : BNF 76 76. Pharmaceutical Press. 2018: 993–994. ISBN 9780857113382.

[Nose2019-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Cyanocobalamin Side Effects in Detail. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于8 March 2021）.

[Daily2019-7] 7.0 ^7.1 DailyMed – cyanocobalamin, isopropyl alcohol. dailymed.nlm.nih.gov. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于22 August 2019）.

[Lil2019-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Lilley, Linda Lane; Collins, Shelly Rainforth; Snyder, Julie S. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2019: 83 [2019-04-19]. ISBN 9780323550468. （原始内容存档于2021-03-09）.

[Pro2019-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Cyanocobalamin - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses. Drugs.com. [19 April 2019]. （原始内容存档于19 April 2019）.

[10] Markle HV. Cobalamin. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 1996, 33 (4): 247–356. PMID 8875026. doi:10.3109/10408369609081009.

[11] Orkin, Stuart H.; Nathan, David G.; Ginsburg, David; Look, A. Thomas; Fisher, David E.; Lux, Samuel. Nathan and Oski's Hematology and Oncology of Infancy and Childhood E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 309 [2019-04-19]. ISBN 9780323291774. （原始内容存档于2021-03-08）.

[ref-12] The Top 300 of 2020. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于12 February 2021）.

[ref1-13] Cyanocobalamin - Drug Usage Statistics. ClinCalc. [11 April 2020]. （原始内容存档于9 November 2019）.

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