耶胡德行省
耶胡德行省，或簡稱耶胡德，是波斯帝國阿契美尼德王朝下轄的自治省份，位於猶地亞，主要人口為猶太人。大祭司為當代的宗教和政治領袖。[1]耶胡德行省維持了兩個世紀，最終在亞歷山大大帝東征時被希臘化帝國所吞併。耶胡德行省於公元前539年波斯征服巴比倫時建立，以取代巴比倫時期的耶胡德行省。此時，居魯士二世頒布法令，結束巴比倫之囚，允許猶太人回到故鄉。在新的行省，猶太人恢復了民族身份並重建耶路撒冷聖殿。[1]在猶太人歷史上，波斯人統治時期標誌著第二聖殿時期的開始。耶胡德行省可發行自己的貨幣。該時期在文化上最重要的變化就是帝國亞拉姆語成為當時包括耶胡德在內的全帝國的通用語，該語也在猶太人中流行並在日常生活中取代了希伯來語。
參考來源
[編輯]- ^ 1.0 1.1 Goodman, Martin. The Ruling Class of Judaea: The Origins of the Jewish Revolt against Rome, A.D. 66–70. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1987: 29. ISBN 978-0-521-44782-9. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511552656.
The independent Jewish state of Judah came to an end in 586 BC with the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians. Much of the population was carried off into exile in Mesopotamia. ... Babylon in turn, however, fell in 539 BC to Cyrus, the energetic king of Persia, and under his patronage and that of his successor the Jews began to revive their national life in Judah. The temple was gradually rebuilt and the High Priest was eventually recognized by the suzerain as the leader of the nation. This small Persian province was distinctively Jewish. The local representatives of the Persian king are known to have been in some cases Jews who maintained close, if not always friendly, relations with the governor of the neighbouring province of Samaria. Thus by the end of the Persian period Jerusalem was the centre of a small and economically backward but well-established Jewish community, accustomed to considerable autonomy, particularly in religious affairs, and unified around the Temple and the High Priest.